CZ:List of biology topics N-Z: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:48, 6 May 2008

For A-M, see List of biology topics

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NAD: (NAD⁺/NADH) A coenzyme found in cells that is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another; NAD⁺ is an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons, and becomes reduced to NADH. ^[e]
NADH: Add brief definition or description
NADPH: A major reducing agent in biological systems. ^[e]
natural environment: A term that encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region of Earth. ^[e]
natural selection: The differential survival and/or reproduction of classes of entities that differ in one or more characteristics ^[e]
Nephron: Add brief definition or description
nervous system: The control unit of bodily functions in animals. ^[e]
Neural plate: Add brief definition or description
Neural tube: Add brief definition or description
neuron: An excitable cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses. ^[e]
Neuroscience: The study of nervous systems and their components. ^[e]
Neurospora crassa: Add brief definition or description
neurotransmitter: A class of chemicals which relay, amplify or modulate electrical signals between a neuron and other cells in the nervous system. ^[e]
Neurula: Add brief definition or description
Neutral theory of molecular evolution: Add brief definition or description
Niche: Add brief definition or description
nitrogen cycle: A complex process in which the element nitrogen moves into the air, back down into the soil, is changed chemically by various processes, and returns to the atmosphere once again. This cycle is necessary for life on earth. ^[e]
Non-competitive inhibition: Add brief definition or description
Nondisjunction: Add brief definition or description
N-terminus: Add brief definition or description
Nuclear lamina: Add brief definition or description
Nucleolus: Add brief definition or description
Nucleon: Add brief definition or description
nucleoside: A purine or pyrimidine base attached to a ribose (used in RNA) or deoxyribose (used in DNA). ^[e]
Nucleosome: Add brief definition or description
nucleotide: A repeating unit in nucleic acid polymers consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. ^[e]
Nutrition: The study of foods and nutrients and their effects on health, growth and development of any individual. ^[e]

O

Okazaki fragment: Add brief definition or description
Olfaction: Add brief definition or description
Oncogene: Add brief definition or description
Operator: Please do not use this term in your topic list, because there is no single article for it. Please substitute a more precise term. See operator (disambiguation) for a list of available, more precise, topics. Please add a new usage if needed.
Operon: Add brief definition or description
Organ: Add brief definition or description
organelle: Specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid membrane, found in all eukaryotic cells. ^[e]
organism: An individual living individual: a complex, adaptive physical system that acts a integrated unit that sustains metabolism and reproduces progeny that resemble it. ^[e]
origin of life: How did self-replicating biochemistry and cells arise from the prebiotic world approximately four billion years ago? Aka abiogenesis. ^[e]
Oscar Hertwig: Add brief definition or description
Osmosis: Add brief definition or description
Osmoregulation: Add brief definition or description
Oswald Avery: Add brief definition or description
Outbreak: Add brief definition or description
Ovalbumin: Add brief definition or description
Ovary: Add brief definition or description
Ovum: Add brief definition or description
oxidation: Add brief definition or description
Oxidative decarboxylation: Add brief definition or description
Oxidative phosphorylation: Add brief definition or description

P

Q

Quaternary structure: Add brief definition or description

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==N==
-{{rpl|Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD}} - {{rpl|NADH}} - {{rpl|NADPH}} - {{rpl|natural environment}} - {{rpl|natural selection}} - {{rpl|nephron}} - {{rpl|nervous system}} - {{rpl|neural plate}} - {{rpl|neural tube}} - {{rpl|neuron}} - {{rpl|neuroscience}} - {{rpl|neurospora crassa}} - {{rpl|neurotransmitter}} - {{rpl|neurula}} - {{rpl|neutral theory of molecular evolution}} - {{rpl|niche}} - {{rpl|nitrogen cycle}} - {{rpl|non-competitive inhibition}} - {{rpl|nondisjunction}} - {{rpl|N-terminus}} - {{rpl|nuclear lamina}} - {{rpl|nucleolus}} - {{rpl|nucleon}} - {{rpl|nucleoside}} - {{rpl|nucleosome}} - {{rpl|nucleotide}} - {{rpl|nutrition}}
+{{rpl|Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD}} {{rpl|NADH}} {{rpl|NADPH}} {{rpl|natural environment}} {{rpl|natural selection}} {{rpl|nephron}} {{rpl|nervous system}} {{rpl|neural plate}} {{rpl|neural tube}} {{rpl|neuron}} {{rpl|neuroscience}} {{rpl|neurospora crassa}} {{rpl|neurotransmitter}} {{rpl|neurula}} {{rpl|neutral theory of molecular evolution}} {{rpl|niche}} {{rpl|nitrogen cycle}} {{rpl|non-competitive inhibition}} {{rpl|nondisjunction}} {{rpl|N-terminus}} {{rpl|nuclear lamina}} {{rpl|nucleolus}} {{rpl|nucleon}} {{rpl|nucleoside}} {{rpl|nucleosome}} {{rpl|nucleotide}} {{rpl|nutrition}}
 ==O==
-{{rpl|Okazaki fragment}} - {{rpl|olfaction}} - {{rpl|oncogene}} - {{rpl|operator}} - {{rpl|operon}} - {{rpl|organ (anatomy)|organ}} - {{rpl|organelle}} - {{rpl|organism}} - {{rpl|origin of life}} - {{rpl|Oscar Hertwig}} - {{rpl|osmosis}} - {{rpl|osmoregulation}} - {{rpl|Oswald Avery}} - {{rpl|outbreak}} - {{rpl|ovalbumin}} - {{rpl|ovary}} - {{rpl|ovum}} - {{rpl|oxidation}} - {{rpl|oxidative decarboxylation}} - {{rpl|oxidative phosphorylation}}
+{{rpl|Okazaki fragment}} {{rpl|olfaction}} {{rpl|oncogene}} {{rpl|operator}} {{rpl|operon}} {{rpl|organ (anatomy)|organ}} {{rpl|organelle}} {{rpl|organism}} {{rpl|origin of life}} {{rpl|Oscar Hertwig}} {{rpl|osmosis}} {{rpl|osmoregulation}} {{rpl|Oswald Avery}} {{rpl|outbreak}} {{rpl|ovalbumin}} {{rpl|ovary}} {{rpl|ovum}} {{rpl|oxidation}} {{rpl|oxidative decarboxylation}} {{rpl|oxidative phosphorylation}}
 ==P==
-{{rpl|Pangaea}} - {{rpl|paleontology}} - {{rpl|parallel evolution}} - {{rpl|paraphyletic}} - {{rpl|parasitism}} - {{rpl|parasitology}} - {{rpl|parthenogenesis}} - {{rpl|passive transport}} - {{rpl|Patau syndrome}} - {{rpl|paternity test}} - {{rpl|PCR}} - {{rpl|pentose phosphate pathway}} - {{rpl|peptide}} - {{rpl|peptide bond}} - {{rpl|peripheral protein}} - {{rpl|peroxisome}} - {{rpl|phage}} - {{rpl|phagocytosis}} - {{rpl|phenotype}} - {{rpl|phloem}} - {{rpl|phospholipid}} - {{rpl|phospholipid bilayer}} - {{rpl|phosphorylation}} - {{rpl|photobiology}} - {{rpl|photolysis}} - {{rpl|photon}} - {{rpl|photophosphorylation}} - {{rpl|photorespiration}} - {{rpl|photosynthesis}} - {{rpl|photosynthesis}} - {{rpl|photosystem I}} - {{rpl|photosystem II}} - {{rpl|phycobilin}} - {{rpl|phycocyanin}} - {{rpl|phycology}} - {{rpl|phylogenetics}} - {{rpl|phylogeny}} - {{rpl|phylogenetic tree}} - {{rpl|physiology}} - {{rpl|pigment}} - {{rpl|placenta}} - {{rpl|plankton}} - {{rpl|plant}} - {{rpl|plantae}} - {{rpl|plant physiology}} - {{rpl|plant sexuality}} - {{rpl|plasma membrane}} - {{rpl|plasmid}} - {{rpl|plasmolysis}} - {{rpl|plastid}} - {{rpl|plate tectonics}} - {{rpl|point mutation}} - {{rpl|pollenizer}} - {{rpl|pollination}} - {{rpl|pollinator}} - {{rpl|polypeptide}} - {{rpl|polyphenols}} - {{rpl|polyploidy}} - {{rpl|polysaccharide}} - {{rpl|population}} - {{rpl|population dynamics}} - {{rpl|population ecology}} - {{rpl|population genetics}} - {{rpl|potential energy}} - {{rpl|predation}} - {{rpl|pregnancy}} - {{rpl|primary nutritional groups}} - {{rpl|primary structure}} - {{rpl|primer (molecular biology)|primer}} - {{rpl|prion}} - {{rpl|prokaryote}} - {{rpl|prometaphase}} - {{rpl|promoter}} - {{rpl|prophage}} - {{rpl|prophase}} - {{rpl|proprioception}} - {{rpl|proteasome}} - {{rpl|protein biosynthesis}} - {{rpl|protein}} - {{rpl|protein translocation}} - {{rpl|proteolysis}} - {{rpl|proteome}} - {{rpl|proteomics}} - {{rpl|protist}} - {{rpl|protista}} - {{rpl|proton-motive force}} - {{rpl|proton pump}} - {{rpl|protozoa}} - {{rpl|pseudopod}} - {{rpl|pteridophyte}} - {{rpl|Punnett square}} - {{rpl|purine}} - {{rpl|punctuated equilibrium}} - {{rpl|pyrimidine}} - {{rpl|pyruvate oxidation}}
+{{rpl|Pangaea}} {{rpl|paleontology}} {{rpl|parallel evolution}} {{rpl|paraphyletic}} {{rpl|parasitism}} {{rpl|parasitology}} {{rpl|parthenogenesis}} {{rpl|passive transport}} {{rpl|Patau syndrome}} {{rpl|paternity test}} {{rpl|PCR}} {{rpl|pentose phosphate pathway}} {{rpl|peptide}} {{rpl|peptide bond}} {{rpl|peripheral protein}} {{rpl|peroxisome}} {{rpl|phage}} {{rpl|phagocytosis}} {{rpl|phenotype}} {{rpl|phloem}} {{rpl|phospholipid}} {{rpl|phospholipid bilayer}} {{rpl|phosphorylation}} {{rpl|photobiology}} {{rpl|photolysis}} {{rpl|photon}} {{rpl|photophosphorylation}} {{rpl|photorespiration}} {{rpl|photosynthesis}} {{rpl|photosynthesis}} {{rpl|photosystem I}} {{rpl|photosystem II}} {{rpl|phycobilin}} {{rpl|phycocyanin}} {{rpl|phycology}} {{rpl|phylogenetics}} {{rpl|phylogeny}} {{rpl|phylogenetic tree}} {{rpl|physiology}} {{rpl|pigment}} {{rpl|placenta}} {{rpl|plankton}} {{rpl|plant}} {{rpl|plantae}} {{rpl|plant physiology}} {{rpl|plant sexuality}} {{rpl|plasma membrane}} {{rpl|plasmid}} {{rpl|plasmolysis}} {{rpl|plastid}} {{rpl|plate tectonics}} {{rpl|point mutation}} {{rpl|pollenizer}} {{rpl|pollination}} {{rpl|pollinator}} {{rpl|polypeptide}} {{rpl|polyphenols}} {{rpl|polyploidy}} {{rpl|polysaccharide}} {{rpl|population}} {{rpl|population dynamics}} {{rpl|population ecology}} {{rpl|population genetics}} {{rpl|potential energy}} {{rpl|predation}} {{rpl|pregnancy}} {{rpl|primary nutritional groups}} {{rpl|primary structure}} {{rpl|primer (molecular biology)|primer}} {{rpl|prion}} {{rpl|prokaryote}} {{rpl|prometaphase}} {{rpl|promoter}} {{rpl|prophage}} {{rpl|prophase}} {{rpl|proprioception}} {{rpl|proteasome}} {{rpl|protein biosynthesis}} {{rpl|protein}} {{rpl|protein translocation}} {{rpl|proteolysis}} {{rpl|proteome}} {{rpl|proteomics}} {{rpl|protist}} {{rpl|protista}} {{rpl|proton-motive force}} {{rpl|proton pump}} {{rpl|protozoa}} {{rpl|pseudopod}} {{rpl|pteridophyte}} {{rpl|Punnett square}} {{rpl|purine}} {{rpl|punctuated equilibrium}} {{rpl|pyrimidine}} {{rpl|pyruvate oxidation}}
 ==Q==
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ==R==
-{{rpl|r-selection}} - {{rpl|radiobiology}} - {{rpl|receptor}} - {{rpl|recombination}} - {{rpl|Red Queen}} - {{rpl|Redox|redox reaction}} - {{rpl|redox system}} - {{rpl|Redox|reduction}} - {{rpl|reflex}} - {{rpl|Repeated Sequences|repeats}} - {{rpl|replication}} - {{rpl|repressor}} - {{rpl|reproduction}} - {{rpl|reproductive system}} - {{rpl|respiration}} - {{rpl|restriction enzyme}} - {{rpl|retrovirus}} - {{rpl|reverse genetics}} - {{rpl|RFLP}} - {{rpl|rhesus factor}} - {{rpl|ribosome}} - {{rpl|RNA}} - {{rpl|RNA virus}} - {{rpl|RNA world}} - {{rpl|Robert Koch}} - {{rpl|root}} - {{rpl|rough ER}} - {{rpl|RuBP}} - {{rpl|Rudolf Steiner}}
+{{rpl|r-selection}} {{rpl|radiobiology}} {{rpl|receptor}} {{rpl|recombination}} {{rpl|Red Queen}} {{rpl|Redox|redox reaction}} {{rpl|redox system}} {{rpl|Redox|reduction}} {{rpl|reflex}} {{rpl|Repeated Sequences|repeats}} {{rpl|replication}} {{rpl|repressor}} {{rpl|reproduction}} {{rpl|reproductive system}} {{rpl|respiration}} {{rpl|restriction enzyme}} {{rpl|retrovirus}} {{rpl|reverse genetics}} {{rpl|RFLP}} {{rpl|rhesus factor}} {{rpl|ribosome}} {{rpl|RNA}} {{rpl|RNA virus}} {{rpl|RNA world}} {{rpl|Robert Koch}} {{rpl|root}} {{rpl|rough ER}} {{rpl|RuBP}} {{rpl|Rudolf Steiner}}
 ==S==
-{{rpl|saprobe}} - {{rpl|sarcoplasmic reticulum}} - {{rpl|scientific classification}} - {{rpl|secondary metabolite}} - {{rpl|secondary structure}} - {{rpl|second messenger}} - {{rpl|seed}} - {{rpl|seed plant}} - {{rpl|selection}} - {{rpl|sequencing}} - {{rpl|blood plasma|serum}} - {{rpl|semen}} - {{rpl|Sewall Wright}} - {{rpl|sexual reproduction}} - {{rpl|sexual selection}} - {{rpl|shigella}} - {{rpl|shoot}} - {{rpl|signal transduction}} - {{rpl|silk}} - {{rpl|Sir Charles Lyell}} - {{rpl|sister chromatid}} - {{rpl|skeleton}} - {{rpl|skin cell}} - {{rpl|smooth ER}} - {{rpl|sociobiology}} - {{rpl|speciation}} - {{rpl|species}} - {{rpl|Hans Spemann}} - {{rpl|sperm}} - {{rpl|spermatid}} - {{rpl|spermatogenesis}} - {{rpl|spermiogenesis}} - {{rpl|spliceosome}} - {{rpl|Splicing (genetics)|splicing}} - {{rpl|spore}} - {{rpl|sporophyte}} - {{rpl|selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|SSRI}} - {{rpl|starch}} - {{rpl|statistical learning}} - {{rpl|Plant stem|stem}} - {{rpl|stem cell}} - {{rpl|sticky end}} - {{rpl|stoma}} - {{rpl|stomach}} - {{rpl|streptomycin}} - {{rpl|stroma}} - {{rpl|structural biology}} - {{rpl|structural gene}} - {{rpl|substrate (biochemistry)|substrate}} - {{rpl|substrate-level phosphorylation}} - {{rpl|symbiosis}} - {{rpl|symbiogenesis}} - {{rpl|synapomorphy}} - {{rpl|synapse}} - {{rpl|syngamy}} - {{rpl|systematics}} - {{rpl|systems biology}}
+{{rpl|saprobe}} {{rpl|sarcoplasmic reticulum}} {{rpl|scientific classification}} {{rpl|secondary metabolite}} {{rpl|secondary structure}} {{rpl|second messenger}} {{rpl|seed}} {{rpl|seed plant}} {{rpl|selection}} {{rpl|sequencing}} {{rpl|blood plasma|serum}} {{rpl|semen}} {{rpl|Sewall Wright}} {{rpl|sexual reproduction}} {{rpl|sexual selection}} {{rpl|shigella}} {{rpl|shoot}} {{rpl|signal transduction}} {{rpl|silk}} {{rpl|Sir Charles Lyell}} {{rpl|sister chromatid}} {{rpl|skeleton}} {{rpl|skin cell}} {{rpl|smooth ER}} {{rpl|sociobiology}} {{rpl|speciation}} {{rpl|species}} {{rpl|Hans Spemann}} {{rpl|sperm}} {{rpl|spermatid}} {{rpl|spermatogenesis}} {{rpl|spermiogenesis}} {{rpl|spliceosome}} {{rpl|Splicing (genetics)|splicing}} {{rpl|spore}} {{rpl|sporophyte}} {{rpl|selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|SSRI}} {{rpl|starch}} {{rpl|statistical learning}} {{rpl|Plant stem|stem}} {{rpl|stem cell}} {{rpl|sticky end}} {{rpl|stoma}} {{rpl|stomach}} {{rpl|streptomycin}} {{rpl|stroma}} {{rpl|structural biology}} {{rpl|structural gene}} {{rpl|substrate (biochemistry)|substrate}} {{rpl|substrate-level phosphorylation}} {{rpl|symbiosis}} {{rpl|symbiogenesis}} {{rpl|synapomorphy}} {{rpl|synapse}} {{rpl|syngamy}} {{rpl|systematics}} {{rpl|systems biology}}
 ==T==
-{{rpl|T cell}} - {{rpl|taphonomy}} - {{rpl|taxis}} - {{rpl|taxon}} - {{rpl|taxonomy}} - {{rpl|telomere}} - {{rpl|telophase}} - {{rpl|tertiary structure}} - {{rpl|testes}} - {{rpl|Theodor Bilharz}} - {{rpl|Theodor Boveri}} - {{rpl|thermocline}} - {{rpl|thermoregulation}} - {{rpl|Thomas Hunt Morgan}} - {{rpl|Thomas Malthus}} - {{rpl|thylakoid}} - {{rpl|TMV}} - {{rpl|tobacco mosaic virus}} - {{rpl|torpor}} - {{rpl|Trait (biological)}} - {{rpl|transcription (genetics)|transcription}} - {{rpl|transcription factor}} - {{rpl|transcriptional regulation}} - {{rpl|trans face}} - {{rpl|Transformation (genetics)|transformation}} - {{rpl|translation (biology)|translation}} - {{rpl|transmembrane proteins}} - {{rpl|transmembrane receptor}} - {{rpl|transpiration}} - {{rpl|transport protein}} - {{rpl|transport vesicle}} - {{rpl|transposon}} - {{rpl|trophic level}} - {{rpl|tropism}} - {{rpl|tubulin}} - {{rpl|tumor}} - {{rpl|turgor}} - {{rpl|Turner syndrome}} - {{rpl|twin}}
+{{rpl|T cell}} {{rpl|taphonomy}} {{rpl|taxis}} {{rpl|taxon}} {{rpl|taxonomy}} {{rpl|telomere}} {{rpl|telophase}} {{rpl|tertiary structure}} {{rpl|testes}} {{rpl|Theodor Bilharz}} {{rpl|Theodor Boveri}} {{rpl|thermocline}} {{rpl|thermoregulation}} {{rpl|Thomas Hunt Morgan}} {{rpl|Thomas Malthus}} {{rpl|thylakoid}} {{rpl|TMV}} {{rpl|tobacco mosaic virus}} {{rpl|torpor}} {{rpl|Trait (biological)}} {{rpl|transcription (genetics)|transcription}} {{rpl|transcription factor}} {{rpl|transcriptional regulation}} {{rpl|trans face}} {{rpl|Transformation (genetics)|transformation}} {{rpl|translation (biology)|translation}} {{rpl|transmembrane proteins}} {{rpl|transmembrane receptor}} {{rpl|transpiration}} {{rpl|transport protein}} {{rpl|transport vesicle}} {{rpl|transposon}} {{rpl|trophic level}} {{rpl|tropism}} {{rpl|tubulin}} {{rpl|tumor}} {{rpl|turgor}} {{rpl|Turner syndrome}} {{rpl|twin}}
 ==U==
-{{rpl|urea cycle}} - {{rpl|unsolved problems in biology}}
+{{rpl|urea cycle}} {{rpl|unsolved problems in biology}}
 ==V==
-{{rpl|vaccine}} - {{rpl|vacuole}} - {{rpl|varicella-zoster virus}} - {{rpl|vascular cambium}} - {{rpl|vascular tissue}} - {{rpl|vein}} - {{rpl|vertebrate}} - {{rpl|vesicle (biology)|vesicle}} - {{rpl|vesicular stomatitis virus}} - {{rpl|vestibular system}} - {{rpl|vicariance}} - {{rpl|virology}} - {{rpl|viral classification}} - {{rpl|virus}} - {{rpl|virus evolution}} - {{rpl|visible light}} - {{rpl|visual system|vision}} - {{rpl|vitamin}} - {{rpl|vocal learning}}
+{{rpl|vaccine}} {{rpl|vacuole}} {{rpl|varicella-zoster virus}} {{rpl|vascular cambium}} {{rpl|vascular tissue}} {{rpl|vein}} {{rpl|vertebrate}} {{rpl|vesicle (biology)|vesicle}} {{rpl|vesicular stomatitis virus}} {{rpl|vestibular system}} {{rpl|vicariance}} {{rpl|virology}} {{rpl|viral classification}} {{rpl|virus}} {{rpl|virus evolution}} {{rpl|visible light}} {{rpl|visual system|vision}} {{rpl|vitamin}} {{rpl|vocal learning}}
 ==W==
-{{rpl|water cycle}} - {{rpl|wavelength}} - {{rpl|wobble base pair}} -- {{rpl|wood}}
+{{rpl|water cycle}} {{rpl|wavelength}} {{rpl|wobble base pair}} -{{rpl|wood}}
 ==X==
-{{rpl|xanthophyll}} - {{rpl|X chromosome}} - {{rpl|xenobiology}} - {{rpl|X-ray diffraction}} - {{rpl|xylem}}
+{{rpl|xanthophyll}} {{rpl|X chromosome}} {{rpl|xenobiology}} {{rpl|X-ray diffraction}} {{rpl|xylem}}
 ==Y==
-{{rpl|Y chromosome}} - {{rpl|yellow fever}}
+{{rpl|Y chromosome}} {{rpl|yellow fever}}
 ==Z==
-{{rpl|zona pellucida}} - {{rpl|zoology}} - {{rpl|zygote}}
+{{rpl|zona pellucida}} {{rpl|zoology}} {{rpl|zygote}}

CZ:List of biology topics N-Z: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:48, 6 May 2008

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