Photobacterium phosphoreum: Difference between revisions

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==Description and significance==
==Description and significance==
Photobacterium phosphoreum is a luminescent bacterium. Its physical characteristics are gram-negative, rod-like shape, plump and large (0.8-1.3 um in diameter and 1.8-2.4 um in length). It can be motile or non-motile. Those that are motile have 1-3 unsheathed polar flagella. Its optimum temperature is 18-25˚C [http://web.mst.edu/~microbio/BIO221_2005/P_phosphoreum.htm]. It emits a blue-green light. It is known as a symbiotic bacterium that lives in the light organ of some marine fishes. It can also live freely in seawater, saprophytically and parasitically [http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/69/11/6938].  
Photobacterium phosphoreum is a luminescent bacterium. Its physical characteristics are gram-negative, rod-like shape, plump and large (0.8-1.3 um in diameter and 1.8-2.4 um in length). It can be motile or non-motile. Those that are motile have 1-3 unsheathed polar flagella. Its optimum temperature is 18-25˚C [http://web.mst.edu/~microbio/BIO221_2005/P_phosphoreum.htm]. It emits a blue-green light. It can be cultivated in Long and Hammer Agar (1% NaCl). It is known as a symbiotic bacterium that lives in the light organ of some marine fishes. It can also live freely in seawater, saprophytically and parasitically [http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/69/11/6938].  


Its major significance is its symbiotic relationship with some marine animals like fishes and squids. They have specialized organs that provide P. phosphoreum with a safe place to reside and food; while these animals use the light that the bacteria provide for camouflage and even for attracting mates or escape from predators.  
Its major significance is its symbiotic relationship with some marine animals like fishes and squids. They have specialized organs that provide P. phosphoreum with a safe place to reside and food; while these animals use the light that the bacteria provide for camouflage and even for attracting mates or escape from predators.


==Genome structure==
==Genome structure==

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Photobacterium phosphoreum
Photobacterium phosphoreum.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Vibrionales
Family: Vibrionaceae
Genus: Photobacterium
Species: P. phosphoreum
Binomial name
Photobacterium phosphoreum


Description and significance

Photobacterium phosphoreum is a luminescent bacterium. Its physical characteristics are gram-negative, rod-like shape, plump and large (0.8-1.3 um in diameter and 1.8-2.4 um in length). It can be motile or non-motile. Those that are motile have 1-3 unsheathed polar flagella. Its optimum temperature is 18-25˚C [1]. It emits a blue-green light. It can be cultivated in Long and Hammer Agar (1% NaCl). It is known as a symbiotic bacterium that lives in the light organ of some marine fishes. It can also live freely in seawater, saprophytically and parasitically [2].

Its major significance is its symbiotic relationship with some marine animals like fishes and squids. They have specialized organs that provide P. phosphoreum with a safe place to reside and food; while these animals use the light that the bacteria provide for camouflage and even for attracting mates or escape from predators.

Genome structure

Cell structure and metabolism

P. phosphoreum is a chemoorganotroph which is capable of respiratory and fermentative metabolism [3]. It is a facultative anaerobe that can grow in the absence of oxygen when appropriate electron-acceptors are present. It doesn’t denitrify; in other word, it cannot use nitrogen molecules [4].

Ecology

P. phosphoreum is mostly considered a marine bacterium because sodium ions are required for its growth. It lives in the depth of the ocean, seawater, marine sediments, in the guts of marine animals, and on the surface of decomposing fish. Inside of the marine organisms, it can act as a parasite.

Application to Biotechnology

Current Research

References

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=659

http://www.microbiologyatlas.kvl.dk/biologi/english/showmorf.asp?articleid=44

http://www.disknet.com/indiana_biolab/b203.htm

http://www.biology.pl/bakterie_sw/index_en.html

http://cibt.bio.cornell.edu/programs/archive/0608alum/lumos.pdf

http://web.mst.edu/~microbio/BIO221_2005/P_phosphoreum.htm