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Happy New Year 2008! Welcome! We are an encyclopedia project, and more. We are a different sort of Web 2.0 wiki: We aim at credibility and quality, not just quantity. Both the general public and credentialed experts are encouraged to get involved. We use our real names, not pseudonyms. We're collegial. We have added over 4,800 articles (and many subpages), and over five million words. NEW: the Citizendium chooses CC-by-sa as its license! Read our first year progress report and accompanying press release. Contribute to Citizendium! New authors and editors welcome! Accounts usually approved within a few hours. Start here. Learn about us For readers: About the Citizendium For authors: The Author Role For editors: The Editor Role For the press: Press The Monthly CZ News Report, The Citizen! Initiatives Core Articles - tackle high priority topics Recruitment - help invite others to join Subpages - add other types of info to CZ Eduzendium - students write CZ articles for credit Support us We're a 501(c)(3) non-profit, and we need your support. If you shop at Amazon.com or Barnes & Noble, do so through our links! We'll get donations at no cost to you. (read more) - Search All Products. Link to us. Help increase our page rank by linking to us.	Some of our finest [ about ] Approved Articles Developed Articles (over 700) Draft of the Week [ about ] Bowling is an indoor sport in which a player rolls a large, heavy ball down a polished wooden lane to hit a cluster of pins in order to achieve the maximum amount of pin-falls. Although an individual person can play a game, most bowlers compete against other players as each of them tries to attain the highest number of pin-falls for that particular game. Most bowling alleys today have not changed much since their initial construction many years ago, except for mechanical and computer system upgrades. Unless the alley has undergone serious renovation it is not unusual to see the original tables, chairs, fixtures, walls, and ceiling tiles. There are, however, a few very modern, "upscale" bowling alley establishments such as Lucky Strike Lanes where "proper" attire and behaviors are expected. [more...] New Draft of the Week [ about ] Phosphorus 30.973761(2) +3 +5 0 -3   P 15 1s22s22p63s23p3 [ ? ] Non-Metal: Properties: allotropic Compounds: Oxides, oxyacids, halides Uses: Vital to life; drying agents; strong acids;fertilizers Hazard: flammable, toxic Phosphorus is a chemical element with the atomic number Z = 15. Unlike other elements in group VA of the periodic table, phosphorus is never found as a pure element in nature, but only in combination with other elements. It is present in all living organisms in the form of organophosphates and as calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and fluoroapatite (Ca10(PO4)6F2), substances found in teeth and bones. Many cell signaling cascades in living organisms operate by a series of phosphorylation events in which a phosphate group (PO4)2− is either added to a protein by a kinase or removed from a protein by a phosphorylase. [more...]