Welcome to Citizendium

Natural Sciences           Social Sciences           Humanities     Arts           Applied Arts and Sciences           Recreation

A new wiki encyclopedia project—and more! We aim at reliability and quality, not just quantity. We welcome collaboration with everyone who has knowledge, broad or narrow, about any of the world's innumerable subjects. We write under our real names—and are both collegial and congenial. We now have [[:Category:CZ Live|Template:Articles number+ articles]] and are gathering speed. Eduzendium participants write for academic credit. Write for the Citizendium—knowledge is fun! Sign up—we need both authors and editors (you might be both!) Then, get a quick start. Remember, we are an open, young project—it's easy to get involved! Wikipedians are very welcome! Learn about us Why Citizendium? For readers: About | FAQ For contributors: Authors | Editors | How to collaborate For the press Important new community pages WatchKnow will be a free, non-profit, K-12 educational video contest, currently under planning and development. Myths and Facts: Citizendium may be different from what you think! We are organizing Workgroup Weeks—our biggest initiative yet. Citizens, get involved, and watch our numbers multiply! Cleanup—helps to develop, keep and maintain a coherent structure for entries in Citizendium. Support us Our mission is educational, non-profit, global, and free. Shop at our Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble links and we'll get donations at no cost to you. Link to us so search engines can better find us.   (CC) Photo: Tanya Puntti Each sentence you add is another drop in an expanding sea of words.

Some of our finest [ about ] Approved Articles (99) Developed Articles (over 900) "I was brought up to believe that the only thing worth doing was to add to the sum of accurate information in the world." —Margaret Mead Article of the Week [ about ] In Wisconsin v. Yoder et al. (406 U.S. 205) the United States Supreme Court, by a ruling of 6-1 on May 15, 1972, upheld the judgment of the Wisconsin Supreme Court in voiding the convictions of the Amish plaintiffs (Yoder et al) under the state's compulsory school attendance law. The convictions of the plaintiffs were voided under the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The case had come to the U.S. Court as a result of a Wisconsin compulsory school attendance law which required parents to enroll their children in public or private schools until at least the age of 16. The defendants, who were members of an Old Order Amish community, refused to send their 14 and 15 year old children to the consolidated public schools, or to otherwise provide education for them, in satisfaction of the statutes, after they had completed the eighth grade. At lower court levels, the Amishmen were convicted of violating the statute and fined. They claimed that their rights under the free exercise of religion clause (First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution) were violated by the statute and appealed the conviction. Their appeal was heard by the state Supreme Court, where they were upheld. The State of Wisconsin then took the matter to the United States Supreme Court.[more...] New Draft of the Week [ about ] (PD) Photo: NOAA A deck of punch cards. Punch card (alternately holleritch card) is a term for cards used for storing information. Herman Hollerith is credited with the invention of the media for storing information from the United States Census of 1890. Hollerith reasoned that standard sized cards, that recorded information through the presence or absence of holes in standard locations on their surface, could be rapidly sorted and collated by machines. After leaving the United States Census Bureau Hollerith founded a company that manufactured the use of tabulating machines designed to sort and collate punch cards. International Business Machines, later to be a leading manufacturer of computers, started with the sale and manufacture of office machinery, including machines for sorting and collating punch cards. [more...]