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Some of our finest [ about ] Approved Articles Developed Articles (over 700) Share your knowledge. It's a way to achieve immortality. —Often attributed to the Dalai Lama Draft of the Week [ about ] Map of Lebanon (Public Domain). Lebanon (Arabic Lubnan) is a country in the Middle East. It borders Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its official language is Arabic, although French is widely spoken. The capital and largest city of Lebanon is Beirut. Lebanon was created in its present form after World War I and was administered by the French as a mandated territory until World War II. The country is religiously diverse, containing Sunni Muslims, Shia Muslims, Maronite Christians, Druze, and various smaller religions. Lebanon went through a long civil war from the 1970's until the 1990's that was caused by differences among its religious groups and tensions between Syria and Israel. It was further damaged by a war in 2006 between Israel and Hezbollah, an armed Islamist group. The war ended with both sides claiming victory, and many issues in Lebanon's politics are still unresolved. [more...] New Draft of the Week [ about ] Joseph II (1741–1790), Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Hapsburg (Austrian) territories, was the arch-embodiment of the Enlightenment spirit of the later 18th-century reforming monarchs known as the benevolent despots, or enlightened despots. His career is notable for the scope of the reforms designed to modernize his empire, for the dedication with which he served the state, for the impetuosity with which he acted, for the violent opposition he aroused in all classes in every part of his empire for his excessive reforms, and for the failure which dogged most of his projects. [more...]