Atheris ceratophora: Difference between revisions

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{{subpages}}
{{Image|Atheris ceratophora 188224791.jpg|right|225px|Usambara Eyelash Viper (''Atheris ceratophora'')}}.
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| color = pink
| color = pink
| name = ''Atheris ceratophora''
| name = ''Atheris ceratophora''
| image = Atheris-ceratophora-1.jpg
| regnum = Animalia
| image_caption =
| phylum = Chordata
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| subphylum = Vertebrata
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = Reptilia
| subphylum = [[Vertebrate|Vertebrata]]
| ordo = Squamata
| classis = [[Reptile|Reptilia]]
| subordo = Serpentes
| ordo = [[Squamata]]
| familia = Viperidae
| subordo = [[Snake|Serpentes]]
| familia = [[Viperidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Viperinae]]
| subfamilia = [[Viperinae]]
| genus = ''[[Atheris]]''
| genus = ''[[Atheris]]''
| species = '''''A. ceratophora'''''
| species = '''''A. ceratophora'''''
| binomial = ''Atheris ceratophora''
| binomial = ''Atheris ceratophora''
| binomial_authority = [[F. Werner|Werner]], [[1895]]
| binomial_authority = Werner, 1895
| synonyms = * ''Atheris ceratophora'' - Werner, 1895
| synonyms = * ''Atheris ceratophora'' - Werner, 1895
* ''Atheris ceratophorus'' - Boulenger, 1896
* ''Atheris ceratophorus'' - Boulenger, 1896
* ''Atheris ceratophora'' - Broadley, 1996<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).</ref>
* ''Atheris ceratophora'' - Broadley, 1996<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).</ref>
}}
}}
'''''Atheris ceratophora''''' is a venomous [[Viperinae|viper]] species found only in a few mountain ranges in Tanzania. This is the only horned, arboreal viper in Africa.<ref name="SB95"/> No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=634942 ''Atheris ceratophora'' (TSN 634942)] at [http://www.itis.gov/index.html Integrated Taxonomic Information System]. Accessed 24 March 2007.</ref>


'''Common names''': Usambara bush viper,<ref name="SB95">Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.</ref> horned bush viper,<ref name="EMBL-AC">{{EMBL species|genus=Atheris|species=ceratophora}}</ref> eyelash bush viper,<ref name="WOA">World of Atheris: [http://www.kingsnake.com/atheris/ceratophora.html Atheris ceratophora] at [http://www.kingsnake.com/ kingsnake.com]</ref> [[Atheris ceratophora#Common names|more]].
'''Common names''': Usambara bush viper,<ref name="SB95">Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.</ref> horned bush viper, eyelash bush viper,<ref name="WOA">[http://www.kingsnake.com/atheris/ceratophora.html ''Atheris ceratophora''] at [http://www.kingsnake.com/atheris/index.html The World Of Atheris]. Accessed 25 March, 2007.</ref> [[#Common names|more]].
 
{{TOC|left}}
 
'''''Atheris ceratophora''''' is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Viperinae|viper]] [[species]] found only in a few mountain ranges in [[Tanzania]]. This is the only horned, arboreal viper in Africa.<ref name="SB95"/> No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS|ID=634942|taxon=Atheris ceratophora|year=2006|date=13 July}}</ref>
 
==Description==
==Description==
Grown to a maximum length of 54 cm. Females slightly larger than males. The maximum length for a male is reported to be 42 cm, the tail of which measured 8 cm.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref>  
Grown to a maximum length of 54 cm. Females slightly larger than males. The maximum length for a male is reported to be 42 cm, the tail of which measured 8 cm.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref>  
[[Image:Atheris-ceratophora-3.jpg|left|thumb|240px|''A. ceratophora'']]
 
Easily recognized by a set of 3-5 horn-like superciliary scales above each eye. The [[rostral scale]] has more than twice the length of its width. It has 9 [[upper labials]]. The [[chin shield]] contacts 3 of the [[lower labials]].<ref name="Mal03"/>
Easily recognized by a set of 3-5 horn-like superciliary scales above each eye. The [[rostral scale]] has more than twice the length of its width. It has 9 [[upper labials]]. The [[chin shield]] contacts 3 of the [[lower labials]].<ref name="Mal03"/>


Line 36: Line 34:


==Common names==
==Common names==
Usambara bush viper,<ref name="SB95"/> horned bush viper,<ref name="EMBL-AC"/> eyelash bush viper,<ref name="WOA"/> Usambara mountain bush viper.<ref name="Mal03"/>  
Usambara bush viper,<ref name="SB95"/> horned bush viper, eyelash bush viper,<ref name="WOA"/> Usambara mountain bush viper.<ref name="Mal03"/>  


==Geographic range==
==Geographic range==
The Usambara and Uzungwe Mountains in [[Tanzania]]. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is "Usambara" Mountains [Tanzania].<ref name="McD99"/> They are probably also found in the Uluguru Mountains.<ref name="SB95"/>
The Usambara and Uzungwe Mountains in Tanzania. The type locality is "Usambara" Mountains [Tanzania].<ref name="McD99"/> They are probably also found in the Uluguru Mountains.<ref name="SB95"/>


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
Found in grass and low bushes about 1 m above the ground<ref name="SB95"/> in woodlands and forests at altitudes of 700-2000 m.
Found in grass and low bushes about 1 m above the ground<ref name="SB95"/> in woodlands and forests at altitudes of 700 to over 2000 m.<ref name="Mal03"/>


==Behavior==
==Behavior==
Like other ''Atheris'' species, it is probably active mainly at night, or at dawn or dusk.
Most likely nocturnal or crepuscular.<ref name="Mal03"/>


==See also==
==Attribution==
*[[List of viperine species and subspecies]]
{{WPAttribution}}
*[[Snakebite]]


==Cited references==
==Cited references==
<div class="references-small">
<small>
<references/>
<references>
</div>
 
==External links==
{{Commons|Atheris ceratophora}}
* [http://www.corallus.com/atheris/ceratophora.html ''Atheris ceratophora''] at [http://www.corallus.com/ Corallus.com]. Accessed 8 October 2006.
* [http://www.baumpython.com/BaumpythonUK/html/atheris_ceratophora.html ''Atheris ceratophora''] at [http://www.baumpython.com/ baumpython.com]. Accessed 8 October 2006.


[[Category:True vipers]]
</references>
</small>

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Usambara Eyelash Viper (Atheris ceratophora)

.

Atheris ceratophora
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Subfamily: Viperinae
Genus: Atheris
Species: A. ceratophora
Binomial name
Atheris ceratophora
Werner, 1895
Synonyms
  • Atheris ceratophora - Werner, 1895
  • Atheris ceratophorus - Boulenger, 1896
  • Atheris ceratophora - Broadley, 1996[1]

Atheris ceratophora is a venomous viper species found only in a few mountain ranges in Tanzania. This is the only horned, arboreal viper in Africa.[2] No subspecies are currently recognized.[3]

Common names: Usambara bush viper,[2] horned bush viper, eyelash bush viper,[4] more.

Description

Grown to a maximum length of 54 cm. Females slightly larger than males. The maximum length for a male is reported to be 42 cm, the tail of which measured 8 cm.[5]

Easily recognized by a set of 3-5 horn-like superciliary scales above each eye. The rostral scale has more than twice the length of its width. It has 9 upper labials. The chin shield contacts 3 of the lower labials.[5]

Mid-body, the dorsal scales number 21-25. The ventral scale count is 142-152. There are 41-56 subcaudals.[5]

The color pattern consists of a yellowish-green, olive, gray or black ground color. This may or may not be overlaid by variable markings, sometimes in the form of irregular black spots or cross-bars that may be lined with yellow or white spots. The belly is dirty orange to almost black in color, sometimes with dark spots.[2]

Common names

Usambara bush viper,[2] horned bush viper, eyelash bush viper,[4] Usambara mountain bush viper.[5]

Geographic range

The Usambara and Uzungwe Mountains in Tanzania. The type locality is "Usambara" Mountains [Tanzania].[1] They are probably also found in the Uluguru Mountains.[2]

Habitat

Found in grass and low bushes about 1 m above the ground[2] in woodlands and forests at altitudes of 700 to over 2000 m.[5]

Behavior

Most likely nocturnal or crepuscular.[5]

Attribution

Some content on this page may previously have appeared on Wikipedia.

Cited references

  1. 1.0 1.1 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.
  3. Atheris ceratophora (TSN 634942) at Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed 24 March 2007.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Atheris ceratophora at The World Of Atheris. Accessed 25 March, 2007.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.