Semen (human): Difference between revisions
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'''Human semen''' is the "seed" of mankind, the mix of body fluids | {{subpages}} | ||
'''Human semen''' is the "seed" of mankind, the mix of body fluids and male [[gamete]]s (spermatazoons), that, when deposited in the female reproductive tract, can result in [[fertilization]] of an egg. Evaluation of semen is a standard part of the medical work-up for [[infertility]]. | |||
==Characteristics of normal semen== | ==Characteristics of normal semen== | ||
Certain characteristics of semen are considered important , or evaluating a sample from a potential [[donor]] for [[artificial insemnation]]. | |||
*WHO criteria include sperm concentration, percentage motility, and morphology. | *WHO criteria include sperm concentration, percentage motility, and morphology. | ||
*Kruger's strict criteria include: curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity | *Kruger's strict criteria include: curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity | ||
==Fertility in men== | ==Fertility in men== | ||
Male fertility is intimately related to the quality and quantity of sperm cells in semen. | Male fertility is intimately related to the quality and quantity of sperm cells in semen. At present, when men are evaluated for infertility, semen samples are routinely collected and examined. | ||
==Infertility in men== | ==Infertility in men== | ||
At a minimum, a failure to establish a pregnancy within 1 year of unprotected intercourse is required before a man is considered a candidate to be evaluated for infertility. | At a minimum, a failure to establish a [[pregnancy]] within 1 year of unprotected intercourse is required before a man is considered a candidate to be evaluated for infertility. | ||
Perhaps the most widely utilized semen characteristic is sperm count. Men with less than 20 × 106 spermatozoa/mL are typically deemed subfertile, and men with counts less than 5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL are often considered to be infertile | Perhaps the most widely utilized semen characteristic is sperm count. Men with less than 20 × 106 spermatozoa/mL are typically deemed subfertile, and men with counts less than 5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL are often considered to be infertile<ref>A. Agarwal, R.K. Sharma and D.R. Nelson. 2003. '''New semen quality scores developed by [[principal component analysis]] of semen characteristics''', ''J Androl''; vol. 24, pp. 343–352</ref>. | ||
In some cases of male infertility, there are strategies that can overcome problems in sperm number or quality and allow a successful preganancy. In other cases, a sperm donor may be sought in order to establish pregnancy. | |||
==Varicocele== | ==Varicocele== | ||
Varicocele is a condition of an enlarged and excessively twisting course of the | [[Varicocele]] is a condition of an enlarged and excessively twisting course of the [[vein]]s within the spermatic cord (pampiniform plexus). Although some men with this condition are fertile, varicocele is a cause of infertility in many men. | ||
*seminal oxidative stress levels (ROS-TAC score) | *seminal oxidative stress levels (ROS-TAC score) | ||
==References== | |||
<references/>[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | |||
Latest revision as of 06:00, 17 October 2024
Human semen is the "seed" of mankind, the mix of body fluids and male gametes (spermatazoons), that, when deposited in the female reproductive tract, can result in fertilization of an egg. Evaluation of semen is a standard part of the medical work-up for infertility.
Characteristics of normal semen
Certain characteristics of semen are considered important , or evaluating a sample from a potential donor for artificial insemnation.
- WHO criteria include sperm concentration, percentage motility, and morphology.
- Kruger's strict criteria include: curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity
Fertility in men
Male fertility is intimately related to the quality and quantity of sperm cells in semen. At present, when men are evaluated for infertility, semen samples are routinely collected and examined.
Infertility in men
At a minimum, a failure to establish a pregnancy within 1 year of unprotected intercourse is required before a man is considered a candidate to be evaluated for infertility. Perhaps the most widely utilized semen characteristic is sperm count. Men with less than 20 × 106 spermatozoa/mL are typically deemed subfertile, and men with counts less than 5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL are often considered to be infertile[1].
In some cases of male infertility, there are strategies that can overcome problems in sperm number or quality and allow a successful preganancy. In other cases, a sperm donor may be sought in order to establish pregnancy.
Varicocele
Varicocele is a condition of an enlarged and excessively twisting course of the veins within the spermatic cord (pampiniform plexus). Although some men with this condition are fertile, varicocele is a cause of infertility in many men.
- seminal oxidative stress levels (ROS-TAC score)
References
- ↑ A. Agarwal, R.K. Sharma and D.R. Nelson. 2003. New semen quality scores developed by principal component analysis of semen characteristics, J Androl; vol. 24, pp. 343–352