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|[[Image:Writeathon.png|left|54px]]<BIG>'''The global [[CZ:Monthly Write-a-Thon|Write-a-Thon]] is on!<br />''Join us today, Wednesday, March 5th!'''''</BIG><br />
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You're invited to start a new article and edit somebody else's new article.  It's a '''[[CZ:Monthly Write-a-Thon|Write-a-Thon]]'''!  It's a wiki-whoopie, a cyber-social, a collaborative kegger!
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|style="background-color:#e8edd6;"|'''<span>New Blog Post</span>'''
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|'''<big>[https://driftingharbor.wordpress.com/2024/07/13/why-is-citizendium-deleting-articles/ Why is Citizendium deleting articles?]</big>'''<br/>
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=== Reminder! The Write-a-Thon approaches!  ===
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=== The Geogra-Thon has begun!  Join us! ===
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=== Article of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
The [[U.S. Civil War]] in the U.S. 1861-65, saw the Union (North), led by [[Abraham Lincoln]] and General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] defeat the breakaway Confederacy (South) led by [[Jefferson Davis]] and General [[Robert E. Lee]] and end slavery. Reunion was accomplished by a difficult period of [[Reconstruction]], 1865-1877, in which the freed slaves were given the right to vote.


The war was between the United States (the "Union") and eleven Southern states which declared that they had a right to [[secession]] and formed the [[Confederate States of America]], led by President [[Jefferson Davis]]. The thought "Cotton is King", meaning it was so powerful an economic force that European powers would help them win. The Union, led by Lincoln and the [[U.S. Republican Party, History|Republican Party]], rejected any right of secession. They said they would not interfere with slavery inside the South, but would put it on the path to eventual extinction by preventing its expansion. Fighting began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. military installation at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. Lincoln called for an invasion force to recapture the fort, and four more states, rejecting coercion, joined the Confederacy to make 11 in all.
<font size=1>[[U.S. Civil War|['''more...''']]]</font>


=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
 
[[Naval guns]] came into general use in the West in the 14th century. They replaced the tactics or ramming or boarding, and became the main naval weapon when it was realized they could sink an enemy ship some yards away, regardless of the wind.  From 1500 to 1941 all the major fleets were built around platforms that could shoot bigger and more accurate guns. The aircraft carrier proved itself at the [[Battle of Pearl Harbor]] in 1941, ending the era. Naval guns are now used primarily in defense against small boat or missile attacks.
 
<font size=1>
 
[[Naval guns|['''more...''']]]</font>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Article counts''' </h4>
<p style="line-height:21px; padding-left:20px;">
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developed Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developing Articles|Developing Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developing Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Stub Articles|Stubs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Stub Articles}}''')</font><br />
<small>([[:Category:CZ Live|{{PAGESINCAT:CZ Live}} total articles]])</small>
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<h3 style="margin-top:0; padding-top:0.6em; border-top:1px dotted #e0e0e0;">
<big>[[CZ:Featured article|Featured Article]]: ''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}]]''</big>
</h3>
{{CZ:Featured article/Current}}
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<div style='text-align: right;'><small>''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}|Continued]]...''</small></div>

Latest revision as of 13:55, 14 July 2024

New Blog Post
Why is Citizendium deleting articles?

Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive. Read more about who we are.

See Recent Changes—an overview of articles being worked on now.

Become a member--it's free!

Agriculture Earth Sciences Journalism Physics
Anthropology Economics Law Politics
Archaeology Education Library & Info. Sci. Psychology
Architecture Engineering Linguistics Religion
Astronomy Food Science Literature Robotics
Biology Games Mathematics Sociology
Business Geography Media Sports
Chemistry Health Sciences Military Theater
Classics History Music Topic Informant
Computers Hobbies Philosophy Visual Arts


Please help today!
Please make your donations here.
Donations go to keep our servers running. See our financial report.





















Article counts

Citable Articles (145)
Developed Articles (1,135)
Developing Articles (7,701)
Stubs (7,915)
(17,015 total articles)

Writing is easy. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and open a vein.
— Red Smith
       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing

Featured Article: DNA

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) provides the genetic information necessary for the development and reproduction of all living organisms and is often described as a genetic blueprint.[1] Every living organism has its own DNA code that is organized in the ladder-like structure of the DNA molecule as a series of complementary paired molecules called bases. DNA is found within the nucleus of many cells, including those of animal and plant life.

Shown here are the four "letters" of DNA.

Each single strand of DNA is a long biopolymer composed of repeating units called nucleotides. A nucleotide is a base linked to a sugar and phosphate group which form a sugar/phosphate backbone. Attached to each sugar molecule (deoxyribose) is one of the four bases:

The corresponding deoxynucleosides are:

  • Deoxyadenosine[6]
  • Thymidine[7]
  • Deoxyguanosine[8]
  • Deoxycytidine[9]


Nuclear DNA is organized and stored as chromosomes within the nucleus. The nucleus is a double membrane separating the DNA from the cytoplasm of the cell enabling certain processing to occur prior to protein synthesis. Each chromosome holds hundreds or thousands of genes. A gene can be described in different ways but in general can be thought of as a whole unit of genetic information.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ All living organisms use DNA as their genetic material with the exception of some RNA viruses. Whether viruses are alive is also a debatable question among biologists since they do not qualify based on some the the prerequisites for life, such as having a metabolism].
  2. ↑ Adenine (HMDB0000034) in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB).
  3. ↑ Thymine (HMDB0000262) in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB).
  4. ↑ Guanine (HMDB0000132) in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB).
  5. ↑ Cytosine (HMDB0000630) in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB).
  6. ↑ Deoxyadenosine (HMDB0000101) in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB).
  7. ↑ Thymidine (HMDB0000273) in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB).
  8. ↑ Deoxyguanosine (HMDB0000085) in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB).
  9. ↑ Deoxycytidine (HMDB0000014) in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB).

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