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|[[Image:Writeathon.png|left|54px]]<BIG>'''The global [[CZ:Monthly Write-a-Thon|Write-a-Thon]] is on!<br />''Join us today, Wednesday, March 5th!'''''</BIG><br />
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You're invited to start a new article and edit somebody else's new article.  It's a '''[[CZ:Monthly Write-a-Thon|Write-a-Thon]]'''!  It's a wiki-whoopie, a cyber-social, a collaborative kegger!
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=== Reminder! The Write-a-Thon approaches!  ===
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[[Image:Water drop crop.jpg|center|thumb|300px|{{#ifexist:Template:Water drop crop.jpg/credit|{{Water drop crop.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Each sentence you add is another drop in an expanding sea of words.]]


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=== Article of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
[[Image:Civil war map.png|left|thumb|300px|{{#ifexist:Template:Civil war map.png/credit|{{Civil war map.png/credit}}<br/>|}}Map depicting slave and free states during the war.]]
The '''[[U.S. Civil War]]''' in the U.S. 1861-65, saw the Union (North), led by [[Abraham Lincoln]] and General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] defeat the breakaway Confederacy (South) led by [[Jefferson Davis]] and General [[Robert E. Lee]] and end slavery. Reunion was accomplished by a difficult period of [[Reconstruction]], 1865-1877, in which the freed slaves were given the right to vote.


The war was between the United States (the "Union") and eleven Southern states that declared that they had a right to [[secession]] and formed the [[Confederate States of America]], led by President [[Jefferson Davis]]. The thought "Cotton is King", meaning it was so powerful an economic force that European powers would help them win. The Union, led by Lincoln and the [[U.S. Republican Party, History|Republican Party]], rejected any right of secession. They said they would not interfere with slavery inside the South, but would put it on the path to eventual extinction by preventing its expansion. Fighting began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. military installation at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. Lincoln called for an invasion force to recapture the fort, and four more states, rejecting coercion, joined the Confederacy to make 11 in all.
<font size=1>[[U.S. Civil War|['''more...''']]]</font>


=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
 
'''[[Naval guns]]''' came into general use in the West in the 14th century. They replaced the tactics or ramming or boarding, and became the main naval weapon when it was realized they could sink an enemy ship some yards away, regardless of the wind.  From 1500 to 1941 all the major fleets were built around platforms that could shoot bigger and more accurate guns. The aircraft carrier proved itself at the [[Battle of Pearl Harbor]] in 1941, ending the era. Naval guns are now used primarily in defense against small boat or missile attacks.
 
<font size=1>
 
[[Naval guns|['''more...''']]]</font>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Article counts''' </h4>
<p style="line-height:15px; padding-left:20px;">
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developed Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developing Articles|Developing]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developing Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Stub Articles|Stubs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Stub Articles}}''')</font><br />
<small>([[:Category:CZ Live|{{PAGESINCAT:CZ Live}} total]])</small>
</p>
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ONGOING CLEANUP:<br>
<p style="line-height:15px; padding-left:2px;">
[[:Category:External_Articles|Ext]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:External_Articles}}''')</font>&nbsp;|&nbsp;
[[:Category:Pages with reference errors|Refs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Pages with reference errors}}''')</font><br>
[[:Category:Lemma Article|Definition only]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Lemma Article}}''')</font><br />
</p>
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----<h3 style="margin-top:0; padding-top:0.6em; border-top:1px dotted #e0e0e0;">
<big>[[CZ:Featured article|Featured Article]]: ''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}]]''</big>
</h3>
{{CZ:Featured article/Current}}
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<!-- <s>Strike-through text</s> -->
<div style='text-align: right;'><small>''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}|Continued]]...''</small></div>

Latest revision as of 14:54, 4 September 2024

New Blog Post
Why is Citizendium deleting articles?


Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive. Read more about who we are.

See Recent Changes—an overview of articles being worked on now.

Become a member--it's free!

Agriculture Earth Sciences Journalism Physics
Anthropology Economics Law Politics
Archaeology Education Library & Info. Sci. Psychology
Architecture Engineering Linguistics Religion
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Classics History Music Topic Informant
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Please help today!
Please make your donations here.
Donations go to keep our servers running. See our financial report.





















Article counts

Citable (145)
Developed (1,128)
Developing (7,442)
Stubs (7,705)
(16,543 total)

ONGOING CLEANUP:

Ext (269) |  Refs (138)
Definition only (3,909)

Truth . . . never comes into the world but like a bastard, to the ignominy of him who brought her forth.
— John Milton
       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing

Featured Article: Nuclear power reconsidered

After decades of failure to slow the rising global consumption of coal, oil and gas,[1] many countries have concluded that the world needs to reconsider nuclear power in order to lower the demand for fossil fuels.[2] Wind and solar power alone, without large-scale storage for these intermittent sources, are unlikely to meet the world's needs for reliable energy.[3][4][5] See Figures 1 and 2 on the magnitude of the world energy challenge.

Nuclear power plants that use nuclear reactors to create electricity could provide the abundant, zero-carbon, dispatchable[6] energy needed for a low-carbon future, but not by simply building more of what we already have. New innovative designs for nuclear reactors are needed to avoid the problems of the past.

(CC) Image: Geoff Russell
Fig.1 Electricity consumption may soon double, mostly from coal-fired power plants in the developing world.[7]

Issues Confronting the Nuclear Industry

New reactor designers have sought to address issues that have prevented the acceptance of nuclear power, including safety, waste management, weapons proliferation, and cost. This article will summarize the questions that have been raised and the criteria that have been established for evaluating these designs. Answers to these questions will be provided by the designers of these reactors in the articles on their designs. Further debate will be provided in the Discussion and the Debate Guide pages of those articles.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Global Energy Growth by Our World In Data
  2. ↑ Public figures who have reconsidered their stance on nuclear power are listed on the External Links tab of this article.
  3. ↑ Pumped storage is currently the most economical way to store electricity, but it requires a large reservoir on a nearby hill or in an abandoned mine. Li-ion battery systems at $500 per KWh are not practical for utility-scale storage. See Energy Storage for a summary of other alternatives.
  4. ↑ Utilities that include wind and solar power in their grid must have non-intermittent generating capacity (typically fossil fuels) to handle maximum demand for several days. They can save on fuel, but the cost of the plant is the same with or without intermittent sources.
  5. ↑ Mark Jacobson believes that long-distance transmission lines can provide an alternative to costly storage. See the bibliography for more on this proposal and the critique by Christopher Clack.
  6. ↑ "Load following" is the term used by utilities, and is important when there is a lot of wind and solar on the grid. Some reactors are not able to do this.
  7. ↑ Fig.1.3 in Devanney "Why Nuclear Power has been a Flop"

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