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&nbsp;
[[Image:Water drop crop.jpg|center|thumb|300px|{{#ifexist:Template:Water drop crop.jpg/credit|{{Water drop crop.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Each sentence you add is another drop in an expanding sea of words.]]


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=== Some of our finest <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Approval Process|about]] ] </font> ===
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:* [[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed Articles]] <font size=1>(over 700)</font>
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|<div style="background-color:lightyellow; color:darkblue; font-size:90%"><center>'''Share your knowledge. It's a way to achieve immortality.'''</center><br><center>&mdash;'''Often attributed to the Dalai Lama'''</center></div>
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=== Article of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
[[image:Koeh-274.jpg|thumbnail|150px|right|Common wheat, ''Triticum aestivum'' Linnaeus]]
'''Wheat''' (various species of the genus ''Triticum'') is a [[Poaceae|grass]] with so many important uses that it is cultivated worldwide. Not only is wheat an important crop today, it may well have influenced human history. Wheat was a key factor enabling the emergence of city-based societies at the start of civilization because it was one of the first crops that could be easily cultivated on a large scale, and had the additional advantage of yielding a harvest that provides long-term storage of  food.


Globally, wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, having a higher protein content than either [[maize]] (corn) or [[rice]], the other major [[cereals]]. In terms of total production tonnages used for food, it is currently second to [[rice]] as the main human food crop, and ahead of maize (corn), after allowing for maize's more extensive use in animal feeds.
<font size=1>[[Wheat|['''more...''']]]</font>


=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
This article examines the differences between '''[[British English|British]]''' (and [[Commonwealth English|Commonwealth]]) '''English and American English''' in the areas of [[vocabulary]], [[spelling]] and [[phonology]]. In particular, it compares standard British (including the accent known as [[Received Pronunciation]], or RP) and standard American speech (this article uses [[Midland American English]], usually perceived to be the least marked American dialect). Grammatical and lexical differences between British and American English are, for the most part, common to all dialects, but there are many regional differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, usage and slang, some subtle, some glaring, some rendering a sentence incomprehensible to a speaker of another variant.


American and British English both diverged from a common ancestor, and the evolution of each language is tied to social and cultural factors in each land. Cultural factors can affect one's understanding and enjoyment of language; consider the effect that slang and double entendre have on humour. A joke is simply not funny if the pun upon which it is based can't be understood because the word, expression or cultural icon upon which it is based does not exist in one's variant of English.
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<font size=1>[[British and American English|['''more...''']]]</font>
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<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Article counts''' </h4>
<p style="line-height:15px; padding-left:20px;">
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developed Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developing Articles|Developing]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developing Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Stub Articles|Stubs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Stub Articles}}''')</font><br />
<small>([[:Category:CZ Live|{{PAGESINCAT:CZ Live}} total]])</small>
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----<h3 style="margin-top:0; padding-top:0.6em; border-top:1px dotted #e0e0e0;">
<big>[[CZ:Featured article|Featured Article]]: ''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}]]''</big>
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{{CZ:Featured article/Current}}
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<div style='text-align: right;'><small>''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}|Continued]]...''</small></div>

Latest revision as of 09:43, 3 October 2024

New Blog Post
Why is Citizendium deleting articles?


Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive. Read more about who we are.


See Recent Changes—an overview of articles being worked on now.

Become a member--it's free!

Agriculture Earth Sciences Journalism Physics
Anthropology Economics Law Politics
Archaeology Education Library & Info. Sci. Psychology
Architecture Engineering Linguistics Religion
Astronomy Food Science Literature Robotics
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Classics History Music Topic Informant
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Please help today!
Please make your donations here.
Donations go to keep our servers running. See our financial report.





















Article counts

Citable (145)
Developed (1,128)
Developing (7,431)
Stubs (7,697)
(16,524 total)

Truth . . . never comes into the world but like a bastard, to the ignominy of him who brought her forth.
John Milton
       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing


Featured Article: Nuclear power reconsidered

After decades of failure to slow the rising global consumption of coal, oil and gas,[1] many countries have proceeded as of 2024 to reconsider nuclear power in order to lower the demand for fossil fuels.[2] Wind and solar power alone, without large-scale storage for these intermittent sources, are unlikely to meet the world's needs for reliable energy.[3][4][5] See Figures 1 and 2 on the magnitude of the world energy challenge.

Nuclear power plants that use nuclear reactors to create electricity could provide the abundant, zero-carbon, dispatchable[6] energy needed for a low-carbon future, but not by simply building more of what we already have. New innovative designs for nuclear reactors are needed to avoid the problems of the past.

(CC) Image: Geoff Russell
Fig.1 Electricity consumption may soon double, mostly from coal-fired power plants in the developing world.[7]

Issues Confronting the Nuclear Industry

New reactor designers have sought to address issues that have prevented the acceptance of nuclear power, including safety, waste management, weapons proliferation, and cost. This article will summarize the questions that have been raised and the criteria that have been established for evaluating these designs. Answers to these questions will be provided by the designers of these reactors in the articles on their designs. Further debate will be provided in the Discussion and the Debate Guide pages of those articles.

Footnotes

  1. Global Energy Growth by Our World In Data
  2. Public figures who have reconsidered their stance on nuclear power are listed on the External Links tab of this article.
  3. Pumped storage is currently the most economical way to store electricity, but it requires a large reservoir on a nearby hill or in an abandoned mine. Li-ion battery systems at $500 per KWh are not practical for utility-scale storage. See Energy Storage for a summary of other alternatives.
  4. Utilities that include wind and solar power in their grid must have non-intermittent generating capacity (typically fossil fuels) to handle maximum demand for several days. They can save on fuel, but the cost of the plant is the same with or without intermittent sources.
  5. Mark Jacobson believes that long-distance transmission lines can provide an alternative to costly storage. See the bibliography for more on this proposal and the critique by Christopher Clack.
  6. "Load following" is the term used by utilities, and is important when there is a lot of wind and solar on the grid. Some reactors are not able to do this.
  7. Fig.1.3 in Devanney "Why Nuclear Power has been a Flop"