Selenium: Difference between revisions

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Selenium is a cofactor to the antioxidant [[enzyme]] [[glutathione peroxidase]].<ref name="pmid9164308">{{cite journal| author=Ahrens RA| title=Glutathione peroxidase: a role for selenium (Rotruck 1972). | journal=J Nutr | year= 1997 | volume= 127 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= 1052S-1053S | pmid=9164308 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> Selenium has many additional roles.<ref name="pmid10963212">{{cite journal| author=Rayman MP| title=The importance of selenium to human health. | journal=Lancet | year= 2000 | volume= 356 | issue= 9225 | pages= 233-41 | pmid=10963212 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02490-9 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10963212  }} </ref>
Selenium is a cofactor to the antioxidant [[enzyme]] [[glutathione peroxidase]].<ref name="pmid9164308">{{cite journal| author=Ahrens RA| title=Glutathione peroxidase: a role for selenium (Rotruck 1972). | journal=J Nutr | year= 1997 | volume= 127 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= 1052S-1053S | pmid=9164308 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> Selenium has many additional roles.<ref name="pmid10963212">{{cite journal| author=Rayman MP| title=The importance of selenium to human health. | journal=Lancet | year= 2000 | volume= 356 | issue= 9225 | pages= 233-41 | pmid=10963212 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02490-9 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10963212  }} </ref>


Deficiency of selenium may cause [[heart failure]].<ref name="pmid19059654">{{cite journal| author=Saliba W, El Fakih R, Shaheen W| title=Heart failure secondary to selenium deficiency, reversible after supplementation. | journal=Int J Cardiol | year= 2010 | volume= 141 | issue= 2 | pages= e26-7 | pmid=19059654 | doi=10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.095 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19059654  }} </ref> This may occur in the settings or [[anorexia nervosa]]<ref name="pmid17384523">{{cite journal| author=Birmingham CL, Gritzner S| title=Heart failure in anorexia nervosa: case report and review of the literature. | journal=Eat Weight Disord | year= 2007 | volume= 12 | issue= 1 | pages= e7-10 | pmid=17384523 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17384523  }} </ref>, [[bariatric surgery]]<ref name="pmid17324623">{{cite journal| author=Boldery R, Fielding G, Rafter T, Pascoe AL, Scalia GM| title=Nutritional deficiency of selenium secondary to weight loss (bariatric) surgery associated with life-threatening cardiomyopathy. | journal=Heart Lung Circ | year= 2007 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 123-6 | pmid=17324623 | doi=10.1016/j.hlc.2006.07.013 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17324623  }} </ref>, peripartum cardiomyopathy<ref name="pmid15460143">{{cite journal| author=Cénac A, Touré K, Diarra MB, Sergeant C, Jobic Y, Sanogo K et al.| title=[Plasma selenium and peripartum cardiomyopathy in Bamako, Mali]. | journal=Med Trop (Mars) | year= 2004 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 151-4 | pmid=15460143 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> and Keshan Disease. However, while selenium levels are lower among patients with heart failure than among controls, levels are similarly decreased whether heart failure is idiopathic or ischemic.<ref name="pmid16943104">{{cite journal| author=Koşar F, Sahin I, Taşkapan C, Küçükbay Z, Güllü H, Taşkapan H et al.| title=Trace element status (Se, Zn, Cu) in heart failure. | journal=Anadolu Kardiyol Derg | year= 2006 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 216-20 | pmid=16943104 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
Deficiency of selenium may cause [[heart failure]].<ref name="pmid19059654">{{cite journal| author=Saliba W, El Fakih R, Shaheen W| title=Heart failure secondary to selenium deficiency, reversible after supplementation. | journal=Int J Cardiol | year= 2010 | volume= 141 | issue= 2 | pages= e26-7 | pmid=19059654 | doi=10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.095 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19059654  }} </ref> This may occur in the settings of [[anorexia nervosa]],<ref name="pmid17384523">{{cite journal| author=Birmingham CL, Gritzner S| title=Heart failure in anorexia nervosa: case report and review of the literature. | journal=Eat Weight Disord | year= 2007 | volume= 12 | issue= 1 | pages= e7-10 | pmid=17384523 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17384523  }} </ref> [[bariatric surgery]],<ref name="pmid17324623">{{cite journal| author=Boldery R, Fielding G, Rafter T, Pascoe AL, Scalia GM| title=Nutritional deficiency of selenium secondary to weight loss (bariatric) surgery associated with life-threatening cardiomyopathy. | journal=Heart Lung Circ | year= 2007 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 123-6 | pmid=17324623 | doi=10.1016/j.hlc.2006.07.013 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17324623  }} </ref> peripartum cardiomyopathy<ref name="pmid15460143">{{cite journal| author=Cénac A, Touré K, Diarra MB, Sergeant C, Jobic Y, Sanogo K et al.| title=[Plasma selenium and peripartum cardiomyopathy in Bamako, Mali]. | journal=Med Trop (Mars) | year= 2004 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 151-4 | pmid=15460143 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> and Keshan disease. However, while selenium levels are lower among patients with heart failure than among controls, levels are similarly decreased whether heart failure is idiopathic or ischemic.<ref name="pmid16943104">{{cite journal| author=Koşar F, Sahin I, Taşkapan C, Küçükbay Z, Güllü H, Taşkapan H et al.| title=Trace element status (Se, Zn, Cu) in heart failure. | journal=Anadolu Kardiyol Derg | year= 2006 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 216-20 | pmid=16943104 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>


Deficiency of selenium may cause [[coronary heart disease]]<ref name="pmid17023702">{{cite journal| author=Flores-Mateo G, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E| title=Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 2006 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 762-73 | pmid=17023702 | doi= | pmc=PMC1829306 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17023702  }} </ref>
Deficiency of selenium may cause [[coronary heart disease]]<ref name="pmid17023702">{{cite journal| author=Flores-Mateo G, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E| title=Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 2006 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 762-73 | pmid=17023702 | doi= | pmc=PMC1829306 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17023702  }} </ref>

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Selenium is a chemical element, having the chemical symbol Se.

Selenium
78.96(3)



  Se
34
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p4
[ ? ] Non-Metal:

Its atomic number (the number of protons) is 34. It has a Standard Atomic Weight of 78.96(3), and is typically found as a solid in its elemental form.

Selenium is considered to be a member of the "Non-Metal" class of elements, has a boiling point of 685 °C , and a melting point of 220.5 °C .

Role in health

Selenium is a cofactor to the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase.[1] Selenium has many additional roles.[2]

Deficiency of selenium may cause heart failure.[3] This may occur in the settings of anorexia nervosa,[4] bariatric surgery,[5] peripartum cardiomyopathy[6] and Keshan disease. However, while selenium levels are lower among patients with heart failure than among controls, levels are similarly decreased whether heart failure is idiopathic or ischemic.[7]

Deficiency of selenium may cause coronary heart disease[8]

Supplementation with selenium shows:

  • Uncertain role in prevention of cancer.[9]
  • A small randomized controlled trial showed benefit on heart failure from micronutrient supplementation that included selenium.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Ahrens RA (1997). "Glutathione peroxidase: a role for selenium (Rotruck 1972).". J Nutr 127 (5 Suppl): 1052S-1053S. PMID 9164308. [e]
  2. ↑ Rayman MP (2000). "The importance of selenium to human health.". Lancet 356 (9225): 233-41. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02490-9. PMID 10963212. Research Blogging.
  3. ↑ Saliba W, El Fakih R, Shaheen W (2010). "Heart failure secondary to selenium deficiency, reversible after supplementation.". Int J Cardiol 141 (2): e26-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.095. PMID 19059654. Research Blogging.
  4. ↑ Birmingham CL, Gritzner S (2007). "Heart failure in anorexia nervosa: case report and review of the literature.". Eat Weight Disord 12 (1): e7-10. PMID 17384523. [e]
  5. ↑ Boldery R, Fielding G, Rafter T, Pascoe AL, Scalia GM (2007). "Nutritional deficiency of selenium secondary to weight loss (bariatric) surgery associated with life-threatening cardiomyopathy.". Heart Lung Circ 16 (2): 123-6. DOI:10.1016/j.hlc.2006.07.013. PMID 17324623. Research Blogging.
  6. ↑ Cénac A, Touré K, Diarra MB, Sergeant C, Jobic Y, Sanogo K et al. (2004). "[Plasma selenium and peripartum cardiomyopathy in Bamako, Mali].". Med Trop (Mars) 64 (2): 151-4. PMID 15460143. [e]
  7. ↑ Koşar F, Sahin I, Taşkapan C, Küçükbay Z, Güllü H, Taşkapan H et al. (2006). "Trace element status (Se, Zn, Cu) in heart failure.". Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 6 (3): 216-20. PMID 16943104. [e]
  8. ↑ Flores-Mateo G, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E (2006). "Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis.". Am J Clin Nutr 84 (4): 762-73. PMID 17023702. PMC PMC1829306. [e]
  9. ↑ Clark LC, Combs GF, Turnbull BW, Slate EH, Chalker DK, Chow J et al. (1996). "Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group.". JAMA 276 (24): 1957-63. PMID 8971064. [e]
  10. ↑ Witte KK, Nikitin NP, Parker AC, von Haehling S, Volk HD, Anker SD et al. (2005). "The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.". Eur Heart J 26 (21): 2238-44. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi442. PMID 16081469. Research Blogging.
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