Hezbollah: Difference between revisions
imported>Larry Sanger (When I write "Hezbollah," I am spelling the word. I am not transliterating it.) |
imported>Larry Sanger (Putting definition first. "Administrative organization" is not quite right, is it--any ideas?) |
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'''Hezbollah''' | '''Hezbollah,''' which means (in Arabic) "Party of God," is best known as a [[terrorist organization]] operating in [[Lebanon]], although Hezbollah itself and many Muslims would dispute the description "terrorist." [[Islamism|Islamist]] and [[Shia]] in religious ideology,<ref name=FAS>{{citation | ||
| url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/hizballah.htm | | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/hizballah.htm | ||
| publisher = Globalsecurity | | publisher = Globalsecurity | ||
| title = Hizballah / Hizbollah / Hizbullah / Hezbollah, Party of God, Islamic Jihad, Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, Revolutionary Justice Organization}}</ref> | | title = Hizballah / Hizbollah / Hizbullah / Hezbollah, Party of God, Islamic Jihad, Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, Revolutionary Justice Organization}}</ref> Hezbollah is also known as Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth and Revolutionary Justice Organization. It was formed in 1982, after the [[1982 Israeli operations in Lebanon]]. The name is also spelled (or transliterated) ''Hezballah,'' ''Hizballah,'' ''Hizbollah,'' ''Hizbullah,'' and several other ways. | ||
It is an organization that both conducts [[terrorism]] in the Middle East and elsewhere,<ref name=AMindict>{{citation | It is an organization that both allegedly conducts [[terrorism]] in the Middle East and elsewhere,<ref name=AMindict>{{citation | ||
| publisher = United States District Court for the Eastern Division of Virginia, Alexandria Division | | publisher = United States District Court for the Eastern Division of Virginia, Alexandria Division | ||
| id = Criminal No. 01-228-A | | id = Criminal No. 01-228-A | ||
| url = http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/khobar/khobarindict61901.pdf | | url = http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/khobar/khobarindict61901.pdf | ||
| title = U.S. v. al-Mughassi ''et al.'' | date = June 22, 2001 | | title = U.S. v. al-Mughassi ''et al.'' | date = June 22, 2001 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> and also operates a shadow government in parts of [[Lebanon]].<ref name=CFR>{{citation | ||
| title = Hezbollah's Shadow War | | title = Hezbollah's Shadow War | ||
| date = May 30, 2008 | | date = May 30, 2008 | ||
| author = Greg Bruno | publisher = Council on Foreign Relations | | author = Greg Bruno | publisher = Council on Foreign Relations | ||
| url = http://www.cfr.org/publication/16382/hezbollahs_shadow_war.html}}</ref> It is certainly on friendly terms with the government of Iran, although it is not definitely under Iranian control; it also receives support from [[Syria]]. | | url = http://www.cfr.org/publication/16382/hezbollahs_shadow_war.html}}</ref> It is certainly on friendly terms with the government of Iran, although it is not definitely under Iranian control; it also receives support from [[Syria]]. | ||
==Territorial control== | ==Territorial control== | ||
Israel's [[2006 Israeli operations in Lebanon]] was in response to [[unguided rocket|rocket]] attacks on Israel; the military operation did not displace Hezbollah as a ''de facto'' government in certain areas. Daniel Byman, of the [[Brookings Institution]], described it, in May 2008, as the most powerful political movement in Lebanon. <ref name=>{{citation | Israel's [[2006 Israeli operations in Lebanon]] was in response to [[unguided rocket|rocket]] attacks on Israel; the military operation did not displace Hezbollah as a ''de facto'' government in certain areas. Daniel Byman, of the [[Brookings Institution]], described it, in May 2008, as the most powerful political movement in Lebanon. <ref name=>{{citation | ||
Revision as of 17:05, 8 March 2009
Hezbollah, which means (in Arabic) "Party of God," is best known as a terrorist organization operating in Lebanon, although Hezbollah itself and many Muslims would dispute the description "terrorist." Islamist and Shia in religious ideology,[1] Hezbollah is also known as Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth and Revolutionary Justice Organization. It was formed in 1982, after the 1982 Israeli operations in Lebanon. The name is also spelled (or transliterated) Hezballah, Hizballah, Hizbollah, Hizbullah, and several other ways.
It is an organization that both allegedly conducts terrorism in the Middle East and elsewhere,[2] and also operates a shadow government in parts of Lebanon.[3] It is certainly on friendly terms with the government of Iran, although it is not definitely under Iranian control; it also receives support from Syria.
Territorial control
Israel's 2006 Israeli operations in Lebanon was in response to rocket attacks on Israel; the military operation did not displace Hezbollah as a de facto government in certain areas. Daniel Byman, of the Brookings Institution, described it, in May 2008, as the most powerful political movement in Lebanon. [4] Serious discussions of dealing with Lebanon have to consider this organization as part of the process; the United States Security Council passed Resolution 1701 to put a peace operations force into place after Israel withdrew. [5]
Attacks
The organization has been charged with responsibility for incidents including
- 1996 Khobar Towers bombing. [2]
- 1983 bombing of Beirut U.S. Embassy
- 1983 Beirut barracks bombings
- 1984 bombing of Beirut U.S. Embassy annex
- 1992 Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires[6]
References
- ↑ Hizballah / Hizbollah / Hizbullah / Hezbollah, Party of God, Islamic Jihad, Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, Revolutionary Justice Organization, Globalsecurity
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 U.S. v. al-Mughassi et al., United States District Court for the Eastern Division of Virginia, Alexandria Division, June 22, 2001, Criminal No. 01-228-A
- ↑ Greg Bruno (May 30, 2008), Hezbollah's Shadow War, Council on Foreign Relations
- ↑ Daniel L. Byman (May 29, 2008), Hezbollah: Most Powerful Political Movement in Lebanon, Council on Foreign Relations
- ↑ Steven Simon, Jonathan Stevenson, "August 15, 2006", The Daily Star
- ↑ Terrorist Bombings in Argentina(1992-1994), Jewish Virtual Library