Diabetic ketoacidosis: Difference between revisions

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| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16520476 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16520476 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>


Treatment begins with fluid replacement; insulin is not started immediately. It is often secondary to infection or other comorbidity, which must be diagnosed and treated.<ref name="pmid20048266">{{cite journal| author=Wilson JF| title=In clinic. Diabetic ketoacidosis. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2010 | volume= 152 | issue= 1 | pages= ITC1 | pmid=20048266  
DKA is often secondary to infection or other comorbidity, which must be diagnosed and treated.<ref name="pmid20048266">{{cite journal| author=Wilson JF| title=In clinic. Diabetic ketoacidosis. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2010 | volume= 152 | issue= 1 | pages= ITC1 | pmid=20048266  
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20048266 | doi=10.1059/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-01001 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref><ref name=eMedicine>{{citation
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20048266 | doi=10.1059/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-01001 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref><ref name=eMedicine>{{citation
  | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766275-print
  | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766275-print
  | journal = eMedicine | date = February 12, 2008 | author =  Rucker DW
  | journal = eMedicine | date = February 12, 2008 | author =  Rucker DW
  | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis
  | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis
}}</ref>As it is treated, DKA converts from a high anion gap metabolic [[acidosis]] to a normal anion gap metabolic [[acidosis]] due to "excretion of ketone anions in the urine"<ref name="pmid102229">{{cite journal |author=Oh MS, Carroll HJ, Goldstein DA, Fein IA |title=Hyperchloremic acidosis during the recovery phase of diabetic ketosis |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=89 |issue=6 |pages=925–7 |year=1978 |month=December |pmid=102229 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref>, especially if excreted with sodium or potassium cations.  
}}</ref>
 
==Diagnosis==
The blood glucose is usually above 250 mg/dl.<ref name="pmid19564476">{{cite journal| author=Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN| title=Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2009 | volume= 32 | issue= 7 | pages= 1335-43 | pmid=19564476
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19564476 | doi=10.2337/dc09-9032 | pmc=PMC2699725 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>
 
==Treatment==
Treatment begins with fluid replacement; insulin is not started immediately. As DKA is treated, DKA converts from a high anion gap metabolic [[acidosis]] to a normal anion gap metabolic [[acidosis]] due to "excretion of ketone anions in the urine"<ref name="pmid102229">{{cite journal |author=Oh MS, Carroll HJ, Goldstein DA, Fein IA |title=Hyperchloremic acidosis during the recovery phase of diabetic ketosis |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=89 |issue=6 |pages=925–7 |year=1978 |month=December |pmid=102229 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref>, especially if excreted with sodium or potassium cations.  


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

Revision as of 23:31, 18 January 2010

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In medicine, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a type of metabolic acidosis that is a "life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with severe insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. It is characterized by excessive lipolysis, oxidation of fatty acids, production of ketone bodies, a sweet smell to the breath (ketosis;) dehydration; and depressed consciousness leading to coma.[1] can also occur with Diabetes mellitus type 2[2]

DKA is often secondary to infection or other comorbidity, which must be diagnosed and treated.[3][4]

Diagnosis

The blood glucose is usually above 250 mg/dl.[5]

Treatment

Treatment begins with fluid replacement; insulin is not started immediately. As DKA is treated, DKA converts from a high anion gap metabolic acidosis to a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to "excretion of ketone anions in the urine"[6], especially if excreted with sodium or potassium cations.

References

  1. Anonymous (2024), Diabetic ketoacidosis (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Kitabchi AE (2006). "Narrative review: ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus.". Ann Intern Med 144 (5): 350-7. PMID 16520476.
  3. Wilson JF (2010). "In clinic. Diabetic ketoacidosis.". Ann Intern Med 152 (1): ITC1. DOI:10.1059/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-01001. PMID 20048266. Research Blogging.
  4. Rucker DW (February 12, 2008), "Diabetic ketoacidosis", eMedicine
  5. Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (2009). "Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes.". Diabetes Care 32 (7): 1335-43. DOI:10.2337/dc09-9032. PMID 19564476. PMC PMC2699725. Research Blogging.
  6. Oh MS, Carroll HJ, Goldstein DA, Fein IA (December 1978). "Hyperchloremic acidosis during the recovery phase of diabetic ketosis". Ann. Intern. Med. 89 (6): 925–7. PMID 102229[e]