Welcome to Citizendium: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>John Dvorak
m (redirects)
imported>John Stephenson
(RNA interference and Palatalization are the articles of the week!)
Line 84: Line 84:
|}
|}
|}
|}
=== Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
=== Article of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
'''[[Latino history]]''' is the history of Mexicans and other [[Hispanics]] in the United States from 1846 to the present. By 2005 the Latino population reached 41.3 million,of whom 64% were Mexican, 10% Puerto Rican, 3% Cuban, 3% Dominican, 3% Salvadoran, and the remaining 17% from smaller groups. About 12 million undocumented ("illegal") immigrants live in the U.S., a number that has grown since the [[9-11 Attack|9-11 attacks]] of 2001.
[[Image:Biological_information_flow.gif|thumb|200px|In living cells, genes are expressed via a messenger RNA (mRNA) which participates in the synthesis of [[protein]]s. In turn, the catalytic activities of proteins decide many of the properties of a cell, that is, its outward [[phenotype]].]]
'''[[RNA interference]] (RNAi)''' is a process that inhibits the flow of genetic information to protein synthesis, which normally proceeds from deoxyribonucleic acid ([[DNA]]) to messenger ribonucleic acid ([[mRNA]]) to proteins - a process known as [[gene expression]] (see figure, top right). mRNA, a single-stranded [[polymer]], is the key molecule whose sequence of [[nucleotide]]s transports the information encoded in DNA to regions of the cell where that DNA-genetic information is used for synthesizing [[protein]]s. Understanding that flow of information is necessary for understanding the RNAi mediated feedback loops that inhibit gene expression.


When Mexico took over control from Spain in the early 1820s, the new government ignored and isolated the "norteños" (inhabitants of Mexico's northern provinces), except to break up the mission system in [[California]].  The systematic [[Navajo]] and [[Apache]] raids on [[New Mexico]] villages and ranches were ignored, as was the vulnerability of California, as the central government pulled back its soldiers to use them in recurrent civil wars and factional battles. When [[Republic of Texas|Texas]] seemed too independent, Mexico's President [[Santa Anna]] led an army to massacre the villagers and destroy the American settlements. After initial victories and massacres at The Alamo and Goliad, Santa Anna was decisively defeated by the Texans, who declared independence. The Tejanos in Texas joined the revolution and supported the new Republic of Texas; The Hispanics in New Mexico and California were localistic and did not identify with the regime in Mexico City.  The "norteños" played a minor role in the [[Mexican American War]] of 1846-48, and when offered the choice of repatriating to Mexico or remaining and becoming full citizens of the United States, the great majority remained. Only when large numbers of Americans arrived did they develop a sense of "lo mexicano," that is of "being Mexican," and that new identification had little to do with far-off Mexico.
Specifically, RNAi is a mechanism in [[eukaryotic cells]] that is triggered when such cells are exposed to certain double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) molecules. The process has been detected in many organisms, including animal, plant and protist cells. The distinguishing characteristic of RNAi is destruction of mRNA molecules that share at least some of the sequence characteristics of dsRNA trigger molecules to which the cells have been exposed. RNAi has important biological roles in gene regulation and in protection of organisms against genetic parasites such as [[Virus|viruses]] and [[Transposon|transposons]].
<font size=1>[[Latino history|['''more...''']]]</font>
<font size=1>[[RNA interference|['''more...''']]]</font>


=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
'''[[Intelligence on the Korean War]]'''
'''[[Palatalization]]''' denotes several processes of ''[[assimilation (linguistics)|assimilation]]'' in [[phonetics]] and [[phonology]], by which the articulation of a [[consonant]] is changed under the influence of a preceding or following front [[vowel]] or a palatal or palatalized consonant. This is especially likely to occur with the palatal approximant [j]. As a general term, palatalization can cover various different phonetic and [[phonology|phonological]] processes such as ''phonological palatalization'', ''phonetic palatalization'', ''[[assibilation]]'', and ''[[coronalization]]''. The term 'palatalization' is sometimes used by European [[linguistics|linguists]] ([[German language|German]] ''Palatalisierung'') to refer to a type of vowel mutation more commonly referred to as ''[[i-umlaut]]'' (UK: ''i-mutation''). The [[French language|French]] term ''mouillure'' (German ''Mouillierung'') is another word for (phonemic) palatalization.   
 
<font size=1>[[Palatalization|['''more...''']]]</font>
When the [[Democratic People's Korean Army]] (DPRK, "North Korean" army. also NKPA)  attacked the [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] (ROK, "South Korea") on June 15, 1950, it was a surprise to the United States and the Republic of Korea. In the case of the United States, the failure to anticipate may well have been the lack of senior government priority on the Korean Peninsula, and the still confused post-World War II U.S. intelligence structure.   
<font size=1>[[Intelligence on the Korean War|['''more...''']]]</font>
|}
|}
<!-- <s>Strike-through text</s> -->
<!-- <s>Strike-through text</s> -->

Revision as of 03:33, 28 May 2008

Logo400grbeta small.png
Natural Sciences       Social Sciences       Humanities
Arts       Applied Arts and
Sciences       		Recreation

A new wiki encyclopedia project—and more!

  • We aim at reliability and quality, not just quantity.
  • We welcome public participation—gently guided by experts.
  • We write under our real names—and are both collegial and congenial.
  • We're now [[:Category:CZ Live|Template:Articles number articles]] plus and gathering speed.
  • Eduzendium participants write for academic credit.

Write for the Citizendium

Special Announcement

We are organizing Workgroup Weeks--our biggest initiative yet. Citizens, get involved, and watch our numbers multiply!

Learn about us

Support us

 

(CC) Photo: Tanya Puntti
Each sentence you add is another drop in an expanding sea of words.

Some of our finest [ about ]

Approved.png
Share your knowledge. It's a way to achieve immortality.

—Often attributed to the Dalai Lama

Article of the Week [ about ]

In living cells, genes are expressed via a messenger RNA (mRNA) which participates in the synthesis of proteins. In turn, the catalytic activities of proteins decide many of the properties of a cell, that is, its outward phenotype.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process that inhibits the flow of genetic information to protein synthesis, which normally proceeds from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to proteins - a process known as gene expression (see figure, top right). mRNA, a single-stranded polymer, is the key molecule whose sequence of nucleotides transports the information encoded in DNA to regions of the cell where that DNA-genetic information is used for synthesizing proteins. Understanding that flow of information is necessary for understanding the RNAi mediated feedback loops that inhibit gene expression.

Specifically, RNAi is a mechanism in eukaryotic cells that is triggered when such cells are exposed to certain double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) molecules. The process has been detected in many organisms, including animal, plant and protist cells. The distinguishing characteristic of RNAi is destruction of mRNA molecules that share at least some of the sequence characteristics of dsRNA trigger molecules to which the cells have been exposed. RNAi has important biological roles in gene regulation and in protection of organisms against genetic parasites such as viruses and transposons. [more...]

New Draft of the Week [ about ]

Palatalization denotes several processes of assimilation in phonetics and phonology, by which the articulation of a consonant is changed under the influence of a preceding or following front vowel or a palatal or palatalized consonant. This is especially likely to occur with the palatal approximant [j]. As a general term, palatalization can cover various different phonetic and phonological processes such as phonological palatalization, phonetic palatalization, assibilation, and coronalization. The term 'palatalization' is sometimes used by European linguists (German Palatalisierung) to refer to a type of vowel mutation more commonly referred to as i-umlaut (UK: i-mutation). The French term mouillure (German Mouillierung) is another word for (phonemic) palatalization. [more...]

Retrieved from "https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Welcome_to_Citizendium&oldid=67839"