Diabetic ketoacidosis: Difference between revisions
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In [[medicine]], '''diabetic ketoacidosis''' ('''DKA''') is a type of metabolic [[acidosis]] that is a "life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of [[Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus]] with severe [[insulin]] deficiency and [[hyperglycemia]]. It is characterized by excessive [[lipolysis]], oxidation of fatty acids, production of ketone bodies, a sweet smell to the breath ([[ketosis]];) [[dehydration]]; and depressed consciousness leading to [[coma]].<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | In [[medicine]], '''diabetic ketoacidosis''' ('''DKA''') is a type of metabolic [[acidosis]] that is a "life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus]] with severe [[insulin]] deficiency and [[hyperglycemia]]. It is characterized by excessive [[lipolysis]], oxidation of fatty acids, production of ketone bodies, a sweet smell to the breath ([[ketosis]];) [[dehydration]]; and depressed consciousness leading to [[coma]].<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> can also occur with [[Diabetes mellitus type 2]]<ref name="pmid16520476">{{cite journal| author=Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Kitabchi AE| title=Narrative review: ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2006 | volume= 144 | issue= 5 | pages= 350-7 | pmid=16520476 | ||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16520476 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref> | |||
Treatment begins with fluid replacement; insulin is not started immediately. It is often secondary to infection or other comorbidity, which must be diagnosed and treated.<ref name="pmid20048266">{{cite journal| author=Wilson JF| title=In clinic. Diabetic ketoacidosis. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2010 | volume= 152 | issue= 1 | pages= ITC1 | Treatment begins with fluid replacement; insulin is not started immediately. It is often secondary to infection or other comorbidity, which must be diagnosed and treated.<ref name="pmid20048266">{{cite journal| author=Wilson JF| title=In clinic. Diabetic ketoacidosis. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2010 | volume= 152 | issue= 1 | pages= ITC1 | pmid=20048266 | ||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20048266 | doi=10.1059/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-01001 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref><ref name=eMedicine>{{citation | | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20048266 | doi=10.1059/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-01001 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref><ref name=eMedicine>{{citation | ||
| url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766275-print | | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766275-print | ||
Revision as of 23:25, 18 January 2010
In medicine, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a type of metabolic acidosis that is a "life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with severe insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. It is characterized by excessive lipolysis, oxidation of fatty acids, production of ketone bodies, a sweet smell to the breath (ketosis;) dehydration; and depressed consciousness leading to coma.[1] can also occur with Diabetes mellitus type 2[2]
Treatment begins with fluid replacement; insulin is not started immediately. It is often secondary to infection or other comorbidity, which must be diagnosed and treated.[3][4]As it is treated, DKA converts from a high anion gap metabolic acidosis to a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to "excretion of ketone anions in the urine"[5], especially if excreted with sodium or potassium cations.
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Diabetic ketoacidosis (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Kitabchi AE (2006). "Narrative review: ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus.". Ann Intern Med 144 (5): 350-7. PMID 16520476.
- ↑ Wilson JF (2010). "In clinic. Diabetic ketoacidosis.". Ann Intern Med 152 (1): ITC1. DOI:10.1059/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-01001. PMID 20048266. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Rucker DW (February 12, 2008), "Diabetic ketoacidosis", eMedicine
- ↑ Oh MS, Carroll HJ, Goldstein DA, Fein IA (December 1978). "Hyperchloremic acidosis during the recovery phase of diabetic ketosis". Ann. Intern. Med. 89 (6): 925–7. PMID 102229. [e]