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imported>Chunbum Park
(→‎Robert Burns: Railroads in California)
imported>Chunbum Park
(→‎Railroads in California: Diabetic neuropathy)
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== '''[[Railroads in California]]''' ==
== '''[[Diabetic neuropathy]]''' ==
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The '''Railroads in California''' played a vital role in the State's early development as well as the explosive growth that followed. The establishment of America's transcontinental rail lines permanently linked [[California]] to the rest of the country, and the far-reaching transportation systems that grew out of them during the century that followed contributed immeasurably to the state’s unrivaled social, political, and economic development. When California was admitted to the Union in 1850, and for almost two decades thereafter, it sat isolated from all other states, the country’s lone outpost on the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]]. Pioneers wishing to emigrate to the Gold Coast were faced with but three options:  a four-month windjammer voyage around the [[Cape Horn|Horn]]; through the [[malaria]]-infested jungles of [[Panama]] on  horseback; or, an arduous weeks- or even months-long trek via stage coach, covered wagon, on horseback, or (in many cases) by foot across hundreds of miles of open desert and vast mountain ranges, risking Indian attack, starvation, and other hazards.<ref>Duke and Kistler, p. 9</ref>
'''Diabetic neuropathies''' are [[neuropathy|neuropathic]] disorders that are associated with [[diabetes mellitus]]. These conditions are thought to result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small [[blood vessel]]s that supply nerves ([[vasa nervorum]]). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include [[third nerve palsy]]; [[mononeuropathy]]; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic [[amyotrophy]]; a [[Pain and nociception|painful]] polyneuropathy; [[autonomic]] neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy.


''[[Railroads in California|.... (read more)]]''
===Epidemiology===
In developed countries, [[diabetes mellitus]] is the leading known<ref>The largest group of neuropathy patients are of unknown cause, referred to as [[idiopathic]] in origin. Of the roughly 100 known causes, diabetes is by far the largest. Other known causes include genetic factors, damaging chemical agents such as chemotherapy drugs, and HIV.</ref> cause of neuropathy , and neuropathy is the most common complication and greatest source of [[morbidity]] and [[death|mortality]] in diabetes patients. It is estimated that the [[prevalence]] of neuropathy in diabetes patients is approximately 20%. Diabetic neuropathy is implicated in 50-75% of nontraumatic [[amputation]]s.
 
''[[Diabetic neuropathy|.... (read more)]]''


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Revision as of 22:38, 30 December 2012

Diabetic neuropathy


Diabetic neuropathies are neuropathic disorders that are associated with diabetes mellitus. These conditions are thought to result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (vasa nervorum). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy; mononeuropathy; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful polyneuropathy; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy.

Epidemiology

In developed countries, diabetes mellitus is the leading known[1] cause of neuropathy , and neuropathy is the most common complication and greatest source of morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. It is estimated that the prevalence of neuropathy in diabetes patients is approximately 20%. Diabetic neuropathy is implicated in 50-75% of nontraumatic amputations.

.... (read more)