User:John Stephenson/sandbox: Difference between revisions

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===Linguistics===
<s>{{r|Syllable}}</s>
<s>{{r|Voicing (linguistics)}}</s>
<s>{{r|The Sound Pattern of English}}</s>
<s>{{r|Language acquisition}}</s>
<s>{{r|Second language acquisition}}</s>
<s>{{r|Semantics (linguistics)}}</s>
<s>{{r|Dialect}}</s>
<s>{{r|Language planning}}</s>
<s>{{r|Multilingualism}}</s>
<s>{{r|Lingua franca}}</s>
<s>{{r|Critical period}}</s>
<s>{{r|Critical period hypothesis}}</s>
<s>{{r|Comprehension approach}}</s>
<s>{{r|British Association for Applied Linguistics}}</s>
{{r|Low Educated Second Language and Literacy Acquisition|LESLLA}}
{{r|Sue Savage-Rumbaugh}} <small>''sourced from Wikipedia, but much originally mine''</small>
{{r|Contact language}}
{{r|Creole (language)}}
{{r|Historical linguistics}}
{{r|Comparative linguistics}}
{{r|Writing system}}
{{r|Orthography}}
{{r|Romansh language}}
{{r|Grammar}}
{{r|Sign language}}
{{r|Mandarin language}}
{{r|Chinese characters}}
{{r|Welsh language}}
{{r|Jamaican Creole}}
{{r|Hawaiian Creole}}
{{r|Pidgin Hawaiian}}
{{r|Noun class}}
{{r|Romance languages}}
{{r|Written language}}
{{r|Claude Lévi-Strauss}}
{{r|Nativism (psychology)}}
*[[:Template:Linguistics|Linguistics template]]


====English====
<s>{{r|English language}}</s>
<s>{{r|British English}}</s>
<s>{{r|American English}}</s>
<s>{{r|Canadian English}}</s>
{{r|Varieties of English}}</s>
====New material====
{{r|Creolistics}}
{{r|Martha Young-Scholten}}
{{r|Fossilization (language acquisition)}}
{{r|Cranberry word}}
{{r|Languages of the United States of America}}
*<s>[[:Template:Langacq|language acquisition template]]</s>
===Politics===
{{r|Parliament of the United Kingdom}}
{{r|Government of the United Kingdom}}
{{r|Speaker of the House of Commons}}
{{r|Member of Parliament (UK)}}
{{r|Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs}}
{{r|Members' Lobby}}
{{r|Tony Blair}}
{{r|Gordon Brown}}
{{r|Alistair Darling}}
{{r|David Miliband}}
{{r|Leader of the Opposition (UK)}}
{{r|Labour Party (UK)}}
{{r|David Cameron}}
{{r|William Hague}}
{{r|Capital}}
{{r|Mahmoud Ahmadinejad}}
{{r|Sarah Palin}}
{{r|Politics of Pakistan}}
{{r|Gaza Strip}}
{{r|2008-2009 Gaza conflict}}
{{r|Obama administration}}
====New material====
{{r|Pseudostate}}
{{r|Association of Electoral Administrators}}
{{r|Republic of China (1912-1949)}}
===Culture===
====Japan====
{{r|Kanji}}
{{r|Himeji Castle}}
{{r|Koshi-byo (Nagasaki)}}
{{r|Koshi-byo}}
{{r|Whaling}}
{{r|Whale meat}}
{{r|Sushi}}
{{r|Nagasaki}}
{{r|Ju-on}}
{{r|Arudou Debito}}
{{r|C.W. Nicol}}
{{r|2009 Japanese cash handout}}
{{r|Japanese dolls}}
*[[:Template:Japan|Japan template]]
I have also started articles on Japan's islands, regions and prefectures, e.g. [[Honshu]], [[Kansai]] and [[Mie prefecture|Mie]]. There are [[Image_talk:Japan-prefectures-map.png/Versions|some maps I've uploaded]].
====UK====
{{r|Scarborough Castle}}
{{r|Grand Hotel (Scarborough)}}
{{r|Bombardment of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool}}
{{r|Yorkshire}}
{{r|Bonfire Night}}
{{r|Chips (food)}}
{{r|Cardiff}}
{{r|Wales}}
{{r|Glasgow}}
*[[:Template:UK|UK template]]
====Places====
{{r|Africa}}
{{r|Caribbean}}
{{r|Germany}}
{{r|Taiwan}}
{{r|Paris}}
{{r|Boston}}
===Science===
{{r|Earth}}
{{r|Mountain}}
{{r|Enceladus}}
{{r|Pluto}}
{{r|Penguin}}
{{r|Giant Panda}}
{{r|Chris Higgins}}
{{r|Richard Dawkins}}
====New material====
{{r|Volcanically active worlds}}
{{r|Reaction of penguins to aircraft}}
{{r|Penguins in the northern hemisphere}}
{{r|Farming with raw sewage}}
===Other===
{{r|Red Dwarf (science fiction series)}}
{{r|Blade Runner}}
{{r|Penguins in popular culture}}
{{r|Degree (academic)}}
{{r|William Hartnell}}
{{r|Patrick Troughton}}
{{r|Jon Pertwee}}
{{r|Tom Baker}}
{{r|Peter Davison}}
{{r|Colin Baker}}
{{r|Sylvester McCoy}}
{{r|Paul McGann}}
{{r|Christopher Eccleston}}
{{r|David Tennant}}
{{r|Matt Smith}}
{{r|Castle}}
{{r|Lonely Planet}}
{{r|Ceuta and Melilla}}
{{r|Michael Hayes}}
{{r|Facebook}}
{{r|Dr. No (film)}}
{{r|Michelle Yeoh}}
{{r|Chow Yun-Fat}}
{{r|Gong Li}}
{{r|Sunshine (2007 film)}}
{{r|Desert Island Discs}}
{{r|Mensa International}}
===Imported from Wikipedia===
{{r|Japanese English}} <small>''renamed from the Wikipedia original''</small>
{{r|England}}
{{r|Scarborough, North Yorkshire}}
{{r|York}}
{{r|Naples}}
{{r|Craig Charles}}
{{r|Norman Lovett}}
{{r|Danny John-Jules}}
{{r|Red dwarf (star)}}
{{r|Culture of Japan}}
{{r|Stephen Krashen}}
{{r|Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh}}
{{r|Cargo cult}}
{{r|Reading}}
{{r|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}}
{{r|Douglas Adams}}
==Articles started by others==
Articles which I intend to make a significant contribution to include [[linguistics]], [[language]], [[monitor theory]], [[applied linguistics]], [[phonology]], [[phonetics]], [[vocal cords]], [[Elizabeth II]], [[House of Commons]], [[Japan]], [[Japanese language]]  and [[Singapore English]]. I rewrote the [[German language]] page, but don't intend to go back to it much. I also restarted the [[abortion]] article, and wrote most of the early versions of [[spoken language]]. I expanded [[dinosaurs]]. As for [[Japanese popular culture]], I started that using bits written by other people and myself elsewhere.

Revision as of 00:31, 27 September 2009

Linguistics

  • Syllable [r]: Unit of organisation in phonology that divides speech sounds or sign language movements into groups to which phonological rules may apply. [e]

  • Voicing (linguistics) [r]: Either the physical production of vibration by the vocal folds as part of articulation, or the potential phonological distinction this allows, i.e. the distinct difference between units such as [b] and [p] in many languages. [e]

  • The Sound Pattern of English [r]: A landmark work on the rules of English phonology by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle, which importantly rejected the phoneme as a true phonological unit; subsequently built upon by other analyses that recognised the syllable and other units of prosodic organisation. [e]

  • Second language acquisition [r]: Process by which people learn a second language in addition to their native language(s), where the language to be learned is often referred to as the 'target language'. [e]

  • Dialect [r]: Regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing from the standard literary language or speech pattern of the culture in which it exists. [e]

  • Language planning [r]: In sociolinguistics, the name for any political attempt to change the status of a language in some way or develop new ways of using it, e.g. a government devising laws to promote a language, or scholars producing an official dictionary; the former is status planning (changing the political recognition of a language), the latter corpus planning (changing the way a language is used). [e]

  • Lingua franca [r]: Any language used for widespread communication between groups who do not share a native language or where native speakers are typically in the minority; name from 'Lingua Franca', a pidgin once used around the Mediterranean. [e]

  • Critical period [r]: Limited time in which an event can occur, usually resulting in some kind of transformation. [e]

  • Critical period hypothesis [r]: Hypothesis which claims that there is an ideal 'window' of time to acquire language in a linguistically rich environment, after which this is no longer possible. [e]

  • Comprehension approach [r]: several methodologies of language learning that emphasise understanding of language rather than speaking. [e]

  • British Association for Applied Linguistics [r]: academic society for professional applied linguists, language teachers and other interested parties, based in the United Kingdom. [e]
  • LESLLA [r]: (LESLLA) forum for research into the development of second language acquisition skills by adult immigrants with little or no formal education. [e]
  • Sue Savage-Rumbaugh [r]: (b. 1946) American primatologist most famous for her work with two bonobos, Kanzi and Panbanisha, investigating their apparent use of language via lexigrams and computer-based keyboards. [e] sourced from Wikipedia, but much originally mine
  • Contact language [r]: any language which is created through contact between two or more existing languages; may occur when people who share no native language need to communicate, or when a language of one group becomes used for wider communication. [e]
  • Creole (language) [r]: Native language, such as Haitian Creole, which under most definitions originated as a pidgin (a rudimentary language without native speakers, created by at least two groups of speakers as a contact language. i.e. to allow immediate communication) but became as complex as any other language through being acquired by children as a first language. [e]
  • Historical linguistics [r]: The study of how languages change over time, and linguistic patterns within that change. [e]
  • Comparative linguistics [r]: (also known as comparative philology) A branch of historical linguistics that uses a number of methods of comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness. [e]
  • Writing system [r]: A set of signs used to represent a language, such as an alphabet, or a set of rules used to write a language, such as conventions of spelling and punctuation. [e]
  • Orthography [r]: Art or study of correct spelling and grammar according to established usage. [e]
  • Romansh language [r]: Romance language spoken in the Graubünden canton of eastern Switzerland; one of the official languages of the country, with about 35,000 speakers. [e]
  • Grammar [r]: Please do not use this term in your topic list, because there is no single article for it. Please substitute a more precise term. See Grammar (disambiguation) for a list of available, more precise, topics. Please add a new usage if needed.
  • Sign language [r]: A system of language in which expressions are conveyed using body movements rather than the human voice. [e]
  • Mandarin language [r]: (traditional Chinese 官話, simplified 官话; pinyin Guānhuà) Sino-Tibetan language, the standard form of which constitutes 'Standard Chinese'; world's largest language by speakers, with approximately 900,000,000 users. [e]
  • Chinese characters [r]: (simplified Chinese 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字) are symbols used to write varieties of Chinese and - in modified form - other languages; world's oldest writing system in continuous use. [e]
  • Welsh language [r]: A Brythonic Celtic language spoken mainly in Wales and Patagonia, Argentina. [e]
  • Jamaican Creole [r]: Several varieties of a full language spoken in Jamaica that developed from a pidgin and remained in some contact with English, created as a conseqence of enslaved speakers of many African languages requiring a means to communicate; also known as Patois. [e]
  • Hawaiian Creole [r]: Creole language (created through children acquiring a pidgin as their first language and thereby making it complex) popularly known as Hawaiian 'Pidgin', with vocabulary largely from English; spoken in the U.S. state of Hawaii, it replaced an earlier pidgin based on the Hawaiian language. [e]
  • Pidgin Hawaiian [r]: Extinct pidgin language spoken in Hawaii, which drew most of its vocabulary from Hawaiian; spoken mainly by immigrants to Hawaii, and died out in the early twentieth century. [e]
  • Noun class [r]: System which categorises and marks the nouns of a language according to their meaning, form or pronunciation; commonly known as 'grammatical gender', but many languages have several noun classes. [e]
  • Romance languages [r]: Add brief definition or description
  • Written language [r]: Add brief definition or description
  • Claude Lévi-Strauss [r]: Add brief definition or description
  • Nativism (psychology) [r]: Add brief definition or description
  • Linguistics template

English

New material


Politics

New material

Culture

Japan

I have also started articles on Japan's islands, regions and prefectures, e.g. Honshu, Kansai and Mie. There are some maps I've uploaded.

UK

Places

Science

New material

Other

Imported from Wikipedia

Articles started by others

Articles which I intend to make a significant contribution to include linguistics, language, monitor theory, applied linguistics, phonology, phonetics, vocal cords, Elizabeth II, House of Commons, Japan, Japanese language and Singapore English. I rewrote the German language page, but don't intend to go back to it much. I also restarted the abortion article, and wrote most of the early versions of spoken language. I expanded dinosaurs. As for Japanese popular culture, I started that using bits written by other people and myself elsewhere.

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