User:John Leach/India I: Difference between revisions

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'''Introduction'''


The sport of [[cricket]] was introduced to the [[Indian subcontinent]] by sailors and traders of the [[East India Company|English East India Company]] in the 17th and 18th centuries. The earliest known record of cricket in India dates from 1721 and the first club had been founded by 1792.
In the 1886 and 1888 summer seasons, the [[Parsis cricket team]] toured England. In the winter of 1889–90, a team of English players was the first to tour India, followed by another in the 1892–93 season. That tour coincided with the beginning of competitive cricket in the country as the Parsis won the prestigious Bombay Tournament when they triumphed in the Presidency Match against the [[Europeans cricket team]].
By 1912–13, the Bombay Tournament had become the Quadrangular with the addition of the [[Hindus cricket team]] and the [[Muslims cricket team]]. Similar tournaments began soon afterwards in [[Calcutta]] and [[Madras]], followed by others in [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]]. By the end of 1918, [[first-class cricket]] was established in India.
Between the World Wars, India became a full member of the ICC and began playing Test matches internationally. At home, the [[Ranji Trophy]] was established as the country's national championship.
'''Early developments'''
The entire history of cricket in [[the subcontinent]] (including modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) as a whole is based on the existence and development of the [[British Raj]] via the [[East India Company]]. On 31 December 1600, [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] granted a [[Royal Charter]] to the [[East India Company|English East India Company]], often colloquially referred to as "John Company". It was initially a joint-stock company that sought trading privileges in India and the East Indies, but the Royal Charter effectively gave it a 21-year monopoly on all trade in the region. In time, the East India Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one which virtually ruled India as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until its dissolution in 1858 following the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]. The East India Company was the means by which cricket was introduced into India.
In 1639, the Company effectively founded the city of [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), and in 1661 acquired [[Portuguese India|Portuguese territory]] on the west coast of India that included [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]). In 1690, an Anglo-Mughal treaty allowed English merchants to establish a trading settlement on the [[Hooghly River]], which became [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]]). All of these places became leading centres of cricket as the popularity of the game grew among the native population.
The British had brought cricket to India by the early 1700s, and the first documented instance of cricket being played anywhere in the sub-continent is a report of English sailors of the East India Company written in 1737. It refers to cricket being played at [[Cambay]], near [[Baroda]] in 1721. It was played and adopted by the [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]]. Sea [[Piracy|pirates]] among the Kolis had looted British ships. The East India Company tried to befriend them and, among other things, introduced them to cricket.
The [[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club]] was known to be in existence by 1792, but was possibly founded more than a decade earlier. In 1799, another club was formed at [[Seringapatam]] in south India after the successful British siege and the defeat of [[Tipu Sultan]].
The earliest Indian match on the ''CricketArchive'' database was played 18 and 19 January 1804 in Calcutta (possibly at [[Eden Gardens]]), between two colonial teams called the East India Company Calcutta Residents and the East India Company Etonians. The Etonians batted first and scored 232, with someone called Vansittart making 102. The Residents replied with 40, Vansittart taking six wickets, and were required to follow on. They were again bowled out for 40 and so the Etonians won by an innings and 152 runs.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/1140/1140973.html Match scorecard]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 19 January 2024.</ref>
In 1864, there was a Madras v. Calcutta match. Indian elites quickly adopted the game, both playing with British teams and with one another.
The first Indian community which started playing cricket were the Parsis in 1848. By 1892, they became proficient enough to play the Presidency matches against the Europeans.
The most important fixtures in the 19th century were the Bombay Tournament. The match was first played in 1877 and then intermittently for several seasons until finally being given first-class status in 1892–93.
The first Indian ventures into international cricket were by the [[Parsis cricket team]] which toured England twice in the 1880s. English amateur teams visited India in 1889–90 and 1892–93.
First-class cricket definitely began in the 1892–93 season with two [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] v [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]] matches, at Bombay (match drawn) and Poona (Parsis won by 3 wickets). In the same season, [[Lord Hawke]] captained an English team that played four first-class matches including a game against "All India" on 26–28 January 1893.
Gradually, with the passage of time other communities also started playing cricket. The Hindus started playing first-class cricket in 1907. The Bombay Tournament, until then known as the Presidency Match, became the Triangular. In 1912, the Muslims also became a first-class team and tournament was called the Quadrangular, with four teams – the Europeans, the Parsis, The Hindus and the Muslims – playing each other. In the 1930s, when The Rest team was formed, it became the Pentangular.
'''Bombay Tournament (Presidency Match)'''
* 1892–93: [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1893–94: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1894–95: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1895–96: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1896–97: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1897–98: [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1898–99: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1899–1900: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1900–01: [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1901–02: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1902–03: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1903–04: [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1904–05: [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1905–06: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1906–07: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
'''Bombay Tournament (Triangular)'''
* 1907–08: [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1908–09: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1909–10: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1910–11: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1911–12: [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
'''Bombay Tournament (Quadrangular)'''
* 1912–13: [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1913–14: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1914–15: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1915–16: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1916–17: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
* 1917–18: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsis cricket team|Parsis]]
'''Parsis in England, 1886'''
see Raiji
'''Parsis in England, 1888'''
see Raiji
'''G. F. Vernon's XI in Ceylon and India, 1889–90'''
An English team led by [[George Vernon (cricketer)|G. F. Vernon]] toured Ceylon and India in the winter of 1889–90. The team played no first-class matches but it was a pioneering tour being the first visit by an English team to India and the second to Ceylon. In all, the team played 13 matches of which 10 were won, 1 was lost and 2 drawn.
'''Lord Hawke's XI in India, 1892–93'''
Lord Hawke's team played four first-class matches against All-India.
'''References'''
{{reflist}}
'''Sources'''
* [[Mihir Bose]], ''A History of Indian Cricket'', Andre-Deutsch, 1990
* [[Ramachandra Guha]], ''A Corner of a Foreign Field – An Indian History of a British Sport'', Picador, 2001
* [[Vasant Raiji]], ''India's Hambledon Men'', Tyeby Press, 1986
* [[Rowland Bowen]], ''Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development'', Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1970

Latest revision as of 06:41, 9 April 2024

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