Libya

Libya (Arabic: ليبيا‎, Libiya) is a state of Northern Africa, located between the Mediterranean Sea, Tunisia, Algeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan and Egypt. The capital is Tripoli. Libya has 1 759 540 km² and 6 461 454 inhabitants. Its official language is Arabic.

Historically, and since Antiquity, Libya has been viewed as a country located west of Egypt with an imprecise extension. Some ancient Greek authors even used the name Libya (Λιβύη, Libýē) for the whole area of the African continent stretching between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean.

The Libyan state is currently divided between:

• Rebel forces supporting the popular uprising that began in February 2011. They control a large part of the country, and are represented by an Interim National Transitional Council. This council names the state temporarily the Libyan Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية الليبية, Al Jumhuriyya Al Libiyya).
• The authoritarian state led by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi (more precisely Al Qadhdhafi) since a coup in 1969. Since 1977, this power has officially called the state the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyya, where jamahiriyya is a neologism coined by Gaddafi, meaning "state of the masses" (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية العظمى, Al Jamahiriyya Al Arabiyya Al Libiyya Ash Shabiyya Al Ishtirakiyya Al Uthma).

Pursuant to a United Nations Security Council resolution, a coalition of nations began Operation ODYSSEY DAWN military operations against Libya in March 2011. The declared purpose is to protect civilians from the Gadaffi government.