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Some of our finest [ about ] Approved Articles Developed Articles (over 700) Share your knowledge. It's a way to achieve immortality. —Often attributed to the Dalai Lama Draft of the Week [ about ] (CC) Photo: Pierre-Yves Arnoux "For a given level of detail, a roadmap represents (re-presents, or models) the structure of the system of roads... Systems biologists use maps, for example, to model the structure and interrelationships among biochemical molecules in cellular subsystems." As an academic discipline, systems biology aims to explain, predict and control the properties, functions and behaviors of living systems — compartmented complex self-organized assemblages of interrelated components, naturally generated and naturally selected, interacting dynamically, coordinately and hierarchically, and exhibiting emergent properties, functions and behaviors — emergent in the sense of unique to the system-as-a-whole in comparison with those of its individuated components. Biological systems studied range from the level of the molecular subsystems of cells (e.g., mitochondrial production of versatilely usable energy; ribosomal protein synthesis; circuits of biochemical reactions regulating gene expression; cell-to-cell and within-cell signaling (communicational) pathways); to the Earth's biosphere, and include a large number of intermediate system levels (e.g., unicellular organisms, multicellular organs, multicellular organisms, ecosystems). [more...] New Draft of the Week [ about ] The Basic Input Output System (BIOS) is the part of many modern computers responsible for basic functions such as controlling the keyboard or booting up an operating system. The term dates back to the original IBM personal computer of the early 1980's. The BIOS was an API, located in non-volatile memory, and thus was said to be firmware. The BIOS chip in a personal computer originally provided an information-hiding layer between the (then) Disk Operating System (DOS) and the hardware. [more...]