Ankle brachial index
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In medicine and the physical examination, the ankle brachial index is the "comparison of the blood pressure between the brachial artery and the posterior tibial artery. it is a predictor of peripheral arterial disease."[1]
Method
The blood pressure at the posterior tibial artery can be measured by Doppler ultrasonography[2], palpation[3], or auscultation.[4]
Role in health care
Diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease
| Study | Patients | Test | Outcome | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Specificity | ||||
| Carmo, 2009[4] Cross-sectional study |
81 consecutive patients referred for arterograms of any region. • 17% had peripheral arterial disease |
ABI by auscultation | Doppler ABI < 0.9 | 71% | 91% |
| Migliacci, 2008[5][[Cross-sectional study] | 205 patients from 24 primary care physicians. Subjects has at least one major cardiovascular risk factor. • 4% had peripheral arterial disease |
ABI by palpation | Doppler ABI < 0.9 | 88% | 82% |
| Khan, 2006[2] Systematic review |
ABI by Doppler ultrasonography | Angiography | 95% | > 95% | |
Prediction vascular disease and mortality
A meta-analysis concluded that "measurement of the ABI may improve the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction beyond the FRS (Framingham risk score)".[6]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Ankle brachial index (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Khan NA, Rahim SA, Anand SS, Simel DL, Panju A (February 2006). "Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease?". JAMA 295 (5): 536–46. DOI:10.1001/jama.295.5.536. PMID 16449619. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Migliacci R, Nasorri R, Ricciarini P, Gresele P (August 2008). "Ankle-brachial index measured by palpation for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease". Fam Pract 25 (4): 228–32. DOI:10.1093/fampra/cmn035. PMID 18567610. Research Blogging.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Carmo GA, Mandil A, Nascimento BR, et al (February 2009). "Can we measure the ankle-brachial index using only a stethoscope? A pilot study". Fam Pract 26 (1): 22–6. DOI:10.1093/fampra/cmn086. PMID 19022870. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid18567610/ - ↑ Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I, et al (July 2008). "Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis". JAMA 300 (2): 197–208. DOI:10.1001/jama.300.2.197. PMID 18612117. Research Blogging.