Apartheid
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Apartheid, an Afrikaans term that translates literally as "apartness," was the law of the land in South Africa from 1948 until 1990.
The history of apartheid in South Africa
Origin and pre-1948 development
From the 1948 election to the Sharpeville Massacre
Apartheid during the "silent sixties"
Reforming apartheid
The end of apartheid
On February 2, 1990, President F.W. de Klerk announced that his government would begin negotiations with representatives of the various racial communities in South Africa to produce a new, egalitarian constitution. In the same speech, he announced Nelson Mandela's release from prison and the legalization of banned and restricted organizations.