Health science

Health science is the name given to the helping professions that use applied science to improve health and to treat disease. There are a number of very different disciplines within the health sciences, and each one has its own training and educational requirements for practice. Outside of having a basis in biologic science, and a common goal of easing the effects of illness, there are equally important similarities between the various health science disciplines. Those similarities have to do with responsibility and duty to the client, and are both professional and legal requirements of each occupation. Because health science professionals are entrusted with the personal secrets of their clients (patients), and because their decisions directly influence their clients' lives, almost all countries have some kind of licensing requirement for practitioners of the allied health sciences.

Of course, not all health care practitioners are involved in the health sciences. Healing arts developed long before the sciences matured, and traditional practices are the mainstay of healthcare in many communities in the world. Even if these practices are effective, they are not part of health science. Can a chiropracter rid a patient of back pain? Yes, but, because the chiropracter's view of the causes of pain and the workings of the human body does not have a firm grounding in human biology, Chiropractic is not included as one of the allied health sciences, but as part of alternative medicine.

Collaboration between the different health science professions can act as a check and balance against medical errors and offer better health care. For example, when a patient in the hospital is given a powerful drug through an intravenous drip, several different kinds of health professionals are directly involved in the treatment. Most typically the physician orders the drug, the pharmacist prepares it, and the nurse administers it. Each of these professionals evaluates the patient either directly by an interview and examination, or indirectly through review of the medical record. Each professional brings a different perspective to the same treatment, and, working together, increases the liklihood that the patient will receive proper care. When treatment of a disease is very complex, and requires many different treatments along with different tests and examinations of the body, effective care demands the co-ordinated efforts of an entire team of health science professionals.

Until recently, there has been little training of teams composed of different kinds of healthcare professionals in the formal mechanics of working together. However, as medical care has become increasingly complex, some educators have now focused on this aspect of education and training. (Davidson RA. Waddell R. A historical overview of interdisciplinary family health: a community-based interprofessional health professions course. [Review] [24 refs] [Journal Article. Review] Academic Medicine. 80(4):334-8, 2005 Apr. UI: 15793015)(Gilkey MB. Earp JA. Effective interdisciplinary training: lessons from the University of North Carolina's student health action coalition. [Journal Article] Academic Medicine. 81(8):749-58, 2006 Aug. UI: 16868433).

Upward mobility for the Allied Health Professions within the structure of healthcare organizations is also a current issue in the field. Management positions in hospitals and other healthcare institutions have traditionally been accessable to nurses, but less commonly to other categories of health science professionals. (reference:Bender DG. Escaping the box: preparing allied health practitioners for management positions. [Journal Article] Health Care Manager. 24(4):364-8, 2005 Oct-Dec. UI: 16284521).

Acquisition of health-related knowledge

See Medical research.

Partial List Of the Individual Allied Health Professions (with links to more information about each)

1. audiology
2. medical technology
3. nutritional science
4. occupational therapy
5. physical therapy
6. speech-language pathology