CZ:Getting Started

Welcome to the Citizendium pilot project!

This is a general orientation to contributing and becoming part of the community, for new contributors. This is a comprehensive summary, but it is just a summary; there are links to pages with more detail interspersed below (right now, many of these pages haven't been started).

If you want a general introduction to the project, not just to contributing, see our introduction.

Your "getting started" to do list

Things new Citizens should do:

• Read this guide. (Shortcut for future reference: CZ:Start.)
• Create your bio. (Be sure to put "[[Category:CZ Authors]]" on your user page, and to add other workgroup categories to taste.)
• Sign up to the community announcement list, Citizendium-L.
• Get to work! (Be sure to add "[[Category:CZ Live]]" to the bottom of your new articles, so that they get listed on the left under "Live articles.")

What makes us different?

We're glad to have you here and hope you'll join our friendly little (but growing!) community as an active contributor. What makes us different? Well, for one thing, we're all contributing under our own real names. We take responsibility for our own work, and we like to think we're a bit more civil than your average Internet community. If you didn't take that policy claim seriously, you've made a mistake, because we will permanently ban you from the website if we discover that you are using an unapproved pseudonym. To apply for a pseudonym, please write to constables@citizendium.org. Otherwise, we'd recommend that you quietly ask the constabulary to delete your faux account and make a new one with your real name.

For another thing, there are editors working right alongside authors. Editors can make decisions about articles in their areas of expertise, but for the most part, we collaborate just as folks do on Wikipedia--only, perhaps, with more collegiality. Editors also have a special task here that doesn't exist on Wikipedia: they can approve articles in their areas of expertise.

We aren't Wikipedia. On January 20, we started an experiment. Although we began the pilot project as a fork of Wikipedia, we decided to try "unforking," i.e., deleting all of the inactive articles, leaving us with only articles that we've worked on. We want to develop our own community, with our own rules and guidelines that might, in fact, be quite different from Wikipedia's. There are already a few differences, apart from the real names requirement and the presence of editors. For example, we do not use "in group" abbreviations like "POV." We really do take our neutrality policy seriously. We'll be revisiting all sorts of policies concerning categories, templates, and much else. Also, we don't permit user boxes on user pages; nor do we permit personal essays linked from user pages. Finally, our project governance, which is still under rapid development, will be quite different. We have a number of non-negotiable policies, and new policies will not be adopted by an impossible "consensus" but by vote of representatives (selected perhaps by "choosing lots").

Be bold!

One of the first things you must realize is that you've got to be bold if this project is going to work. It is natural to be cautious about editing stuff that other people have written. The fact that there are many highly-educated types here makes some people afraid to touch the wiki, period. But this is a huge mistake. We want and need the participation of a wide array of people. This isn't an experts-only project in the least; most of our registered contributors are, in fact, authors, not (expert) editors. Also, keep in mind that most people here are quite friendly. So far, anyway, we've had very little unpleasantness here.

So, please, be bold about contributing. Want to start a new article on a subject? Please do! You don't need to ask anyone's permission. Want to fix someone's spelling or grammar? Dive in, this is a collaboration. Want to add a new section, or revamp a bibliography? Add, revamp, and edit away!

But before you edit an article that seems pretty far along, have a look at the article's "talk" page (click the "discussion" tab at the top of the screen) and check for comments that people might have made. For more on the use of the "talk page," see below.

Under Construction, or, it's better to add something editable than nothing at all

The Citizendium, like Wikipedia and virtually all wikis, could have an "Under Construction" sign on every page. Wikis are not conducive to instant perfection; high quality is achieved iteratively, gradually, over time and usually after quite a bit of interaction with others.

So what does that mean? It means: go ahead, add something. It doesn't have to be perfect, it only has to be editable. In other words, if someone else won't have to delete what you've added in order to make progress on the article, then add away!

This means that we will tolerate what are called "stub entries" or just "stubs." These are short entries, just one or two sentences. Just please don't go around creating lots and lots of stubs. It's all right to create a few. But if you're motivated to do much work, please focus on just a few articles rather than making dozens of small ones.

A bullet-point intro to the software that runs this place

For folks who haven't had experience with the software that runs CZ (that's an abbreviation for Citizendium), called "Mediawiki," here are some helpful tips. See how many you already knew:

• The red links lead to blank pages. Click on one and you can start a new article.
• When you're editing an article, you see a text box where the editing takes place. Now look at the stuff that surrounds that text box:
  • See all the small buttons, B, I, and so forth? You can use those buttons the same way you would a word processing program's controls. (It adds in the code for you.)
  • Look below the text box. Look for "Summary:" That's where you can briefly summarize your changes. It's a courtesy to others to fill this in, so please do.
  • "This is a minor edit": check it only if you're doing things like fixing spelling or adding an inconsequential word.
  • "Watch this page": like the "watch" tab, adds the page to your watchlist.
  • Next, notice the three buttons at the bottom of the page. "Save page" saves the page, closes the edit box, and displays the article.
  • "Show preview": a very handy button, press it and you'll see what the page looks with your changes. This does not save the page, though. So if you use this button much, be sure to click "Save page" when you're finished, or you'll lose all your changes!
• When you're looking at an article, across the top of the page you see a bunch of tabs. Here's what they do:
  • article: display the article
  • discussion: the "talk" page, where you go to discuss with others how the article should be edited
  • history: a record of all the edits of the article; you can view every single version ever saved!
  • watch: clicking on this adds the article to your "watchlist"; access your watchlist by clicking "my watchlist" in the upper right of the window
• Next, look at the links at the extreme top of the page, on the right:
  • your name: click on your name to go to your user page. If that link is red, you need to fill out your bio. Soon, please! Having a filled-out bio is a community requirement.
  • my talk: that's your personal talk page. Other people may post messages for you here.
  • my preferences: a huge array of settings to change (if you want).
  • my watchlist: all the recent changes made to articles you are "watching" (again, watch an article by going to that article and then clicking the "watch" tab)
  • my contributions: everything you've done!
  • log out: self-explanatory
• Next, look at all the links on the left (these are changeable, by the way). Beginning with the "citizendium" section:
  • Main Page: the homepage of the wiki
  • About: about the Citizendium, an introduction for users
  • Live articles: an alphabetical list of the articles we're working on
  • Random page: click it, it's fun
  • Our editors: a complete listing of editors who have signed up with us
  • Our authors: a similar listing, of authors
  • FAQ: frequently asked questions (more introductory information)
  • Pre-launch funding drive: here's where you can donate to the cause
• Next, the "project pages" section (also on the left):
  • Project home: the homepage for the project, a jumping-off place for contributors to find information about the project
  • Recent changes: a table of changes recently made on this wiki; see "get plugged in to the community" below
  • Help: how to do stuff on this wiki; how to use the software that runs it
  • Workgroups: a growing and changing list of the groups of editors and authors at work here
  • Bug tracker: here's where to report bugs in the software; probably, the most obvious bugs have already been reported
  • How to join: how to become a Citizendian
• For the links under "communication," see "get plugged in to the community"
• search: press "Go" to go directly to the page you name (if we have it), and "Search" to search through the text of all articles
• Finally, the "toolbox" (again, on the left):
  • What links here: click here for a list of all the pages that link to the page you're on
  • Related changes: a list of the recent changes made to articles that are linked by this article
  • Upload file: use this to add pictures and other files to CZ
  • Special pages: a whole bunch of other software functions; many different lists of pages
• For a more complete rundown, and links to further help pages, see Help:Contents.

How to start a new page!

Here's how to get started writing a new page. It's easy--trust us.

Let's begin with the mechanical procedure of making a new page, for folks who haven't used the software before. If you want to follow along, open a new window or print out a copy of this page first.

1. Let's make a test article, not a real article. Start in the Sandbox. Notice the "edit" tab near the top of the page? You can click that. Go ahead and click it. That big text box that pops up is where you can edit the page, about as easily as you edit an e-mail.
2. To create a new article, all you have to do is type "test article" (or the name of the article you want to create), but place [[ and ]] around it, so you get something like this: [[test article]] That will create a link.
3. Next, look (or scroll) down below the text box you're writing in. Look for the "Save page" button. Press it. Voila, you have edited the Sandbox! You have also created a link to an as-yet nonexistent article. On the Sandbox page, look for the text you added. It should be there as a red link.
4. Click on the red link. This pulls up another text box, just like the one you saw before, except that it is completely empty. So now you can go to town writing your new article.

Wiki "markup"

When you work on your article, you'll be using wiki "markup." That's the code that makes text bold or italicized, that creates links, and other things. If you've never used this before, don't worry--it's not complicated!

There are just a few bits of code you need to learn, which you'll be using over and over again:

• To start a new paragraph, simply skip down two lines. Skipping down one line has no effect on presentation.
• To make text bold, put three single quotes around the text: '''bold'''
• To italicize text, use two single quotes: ''italicize''
• To link to a page, surround the text to be linked with left and right double brackets: [[link]]
• To make a link that points to an article that is different from the text of the link, you use a "pipe," like this: [[Biology|link]]
• To start a new section, surround the section title on both sides by two equals signs (flush left): == My New Section ==
• To make a bulleted list, precede a list item with * and make sure it's flush left: * My bullet point
• To make a numbered list, do the same but with #, like this: # My numbered point

Here's a handy hint: if you see some bit of formatting you'd like to do replicate, click the "edit" button and look to see how it's done. This is how many of us learned the code--which, again, isn't hard!

See How to Edit the Citizendium for a more complete list.

What's a good article like?

Now, what about the content and formatting of the article itself? There are many small issues here, but here are a few important ones you should know about.

A good article satisfies many standards. It is an encyclopedia article, first of all, and it is accurate, neutral, coherent, well-written, pitched at the university student level, not original research, family-friendly, and legal and responsible.

Here are some essential points:

• Don't create "orphans"--i.e., pages that aren't linked from any other page. In other words, always create a new page by creating a link to it from an existing page.
• The article title should be lowercase unless it is typically written uppercase when used in a regular sentence. So: computational complexity theory; but American Chemical Society.
• Copy and paste the following text onto the bottom of any new articles: [[Category:CZ Live]]. This adds the article to the "live articles" category (which you can view by clicking "Live articles" on the left). This helps mark articles we've actively worked on.
• The first use of the title word, phrase, or name should be bold. For example: "Biology is the science of life."
• Start the article with a definition, if it concerns a concept or general category, or else an explanation of what the person, place, event, etc., is best known for. For example: "Achillea is a genus of flowering plants, commonly referred to as yarrow, that are frequently used in garden borders and beds in ornamental horticulture."
• If an article is very long, then conclude the introductory section with a summary of the rest of the article. See, for example, pseudoscience.
• Link words and phrases (by surrounding the phrases with left and right double brackets: [[ ]]) where, and only where, the links are relevant to the point being made in a sentence, and where following a link will shed important light on the subject of the article.
• Remember that we employ a neutrality policy--it will be quite similar to this old Wikipedia policy. The policy requires that we include all significant viewpoints on a subject, stated as fairly and sympathetically as possible. It does not mean that we take a mainstream, scientific, skeptical, or "intermediate/compromise" point of view; it means we take a neutral point of view. So we "take a step back" if necessary, and describe any controversies fairly, rather than trying to settle them in any way at all.

How to collaborate on an existing article (and how to use talk pages)

Many people spend their wiki time working on pages that other people have started. If the page creator is still hanging around, you'll have to collaborate with that person, and anyone else interested, in crafting the article further.

So, how do a bunch of strangers manage to create a coherent encyclopedia article? It is one of life's mysteries, perhaps. Generally, though, it's like this: you see that a sentence needs rewording; so you reword it. Or the article needs a whole new section about something; so you add it. Or the article has much flabby prose; so you make it concise. Or you just know a lot about the subject and see much to change; so you go through and make a thorough overhaul. Many people can do all of those things to the same article, and something excellent can result.

Working so closely with others often requires sensitivity and finesse. You might have deleted a sentence it took someone else five minutes to craft, so why doesn't the person become quite angry and stalk away, or abuse you? Well, such unpleasantness can happen, and on Wikipedia, it too frequently does. But it doesn't always happen (even on Wikipedia), and it doesn't have to happen. We can avoid such unpleasantness as a rule because we are all committed to working together. We know, in turn, that working together means changing other people's work, making compromises, or (far better) coming up with a creative solution that satisfies everyone very well. The fluid nature of the text allows for such creative, positive solutions, and it's precisely the expectation of such solutions that allows us to avoid conflict.

To collaborate effectively, keep a few things in mind: look at the talk page regularly. Be polite and respectful. If you are angry, calm down and take a break before you write or do something rash. And if you are dealing with a person who really is unreasonable, do not "take matters into your own hands" by cussing the person out, but ask a constable to intervene (at constables@citizendium.org). That's what they're there for--to calm folks down and come to a sensible solution to complex problems of interaction.

Introduce yourself: put a short biography on your user page

All Citizens are required to fill out biographies. Why? Because we are taking real-world responsibility for our contributions and making real-world relationships with each other. A name by itself conveys little information to others. To create your bio, simply click on your name at the very top of the screen--if you haven't created a bio, this link will be red. Authors are required to provide only a statement about their personal interests and education. Rough clues as to your age and location might be helpful to other users but are optional. Minors are asked not to include any personal information about themselves, including information about where they live, but they should still give some nonspecific information about their interests and education (no school names, please). Also, be sure to add yourself to the list of CZ authors (which you see on the left--under "Our authors") by putting this on your userpage:

[[Category:CZ Authors]]

You can also add yourself to one or more workgroup (here's the current list), with this tag, for example:

[[Category:Philosophy Authors]]

(Editors are designated as such by CZ staff after you apply.)

Here's an example of a biography of an editor; here's one of an author. For more info see this section of the Policy Outline.

Get plugged in to the community

If you really want to have fun here, and you want to stay motivated, you need to get plugged in to the community. To do that, you need a few pointers about where "the action" is going on.

All of the following links are to the left.

The serious fun of wiki-watching consists largely of following developments on the recent changes page, linked on the left under "project pages". Virtually everything that goes on on this wiki can be observed from a God's-eye perspective there. You can see what articles other people are working on. You can see if articles you have been working on have been changed. You can see who has been active (and when!). And as a result of all this, you can join in with others! If you see an article on a topic you're interested in under development, you can add your wisdom. See the fine art of browsing the recent changes page.

Talk about policy and community issues on the CZ forums. This is the big community discussion area. There are hundreds of categories of topics; you're bound to find both something of interest to you and someone who will discuss it with you (there are about 500 members as of January 2007). If you want to see the latest posts, scroll to the bottom of the front page and look for the little link titled "View the most recent posts on the forum."

To have all the latest project-wide announcements, make sure you're subscribed to Citizendium-L and, if you're an editor, Citizendium-editors. For outward-facing announcements, as opposed to more internal sorts of announcements, there's a project blog.

If you have general questions, you can ask in many places, but one place we've set aside is a certain board on the forums. Just click here and (after you've registered) type in your question.

Finally, there's a place for administrative notices for people working here on the wiki (e.g., "The wiki will be going down at midnight tonight") can be found on the notice board.

Authors, Editors, Constables, and Workgroups

If you're a participant, and you haven't been asked to be an editor, then you're an author. (Editors can call themselves authors too.) So, what can authors do? Almost everything. Authors can start new articles, edit existing articles, talk things over on the talk page, and much else. Editors can do all that, too. Editors aren't distant overseers looking down from from the Olympian heights. To edit, editors must work shoulder-to-shoulder with authors and other editors. So editors are authors too. For more on author functions, please see Authors and Authoring Citizendium Articles.

Editors, who are experts in their fields, do have two special functions that authors do not have, however. First, they may make decisions, where decisions need to be made, about how an article should read. (This does not mean that editors must approve every change an author makes, which they certainly don't do.) Second, they may approve specific versions of articles. If you're an editor, and you want to know how to get started as an editor, please see editor orientation.

Where do "constables" fit in? Well, like their namesakes, constables are friendly, hard-working folks who make sure the community runs smoothly. If you break a rule, a constable might gently tap you on the shoulder and explain what's wrong. Constables are expected to be mature and kind and to make decisions solely about behavior, not about content, which is the domain of editors. See Constabulary Policy for more. If you need to "call a constable," send an e-mail to constables@citizendium.org.

Finally, workgroups are collections of editors and authors who are interested in a particular discipline, or in some function of the project, such as copyediting or recruitment. As of January 2007, we have many informal workgroups devoted to some general disciplines. (We know that our list of disciplines needs work, by the way.) In the coming months, we're going to be expanding our governance apparatus, setting up many more workgroups as well as a general project representative council. You, as a project member, may be asked to serve.

Some faux pas to avoid (but remember that "be bold" business!)

We want to encourage you to get busy here, but many people don't want to upset the "local culture" and possibly embarrass themselves. First of all, if you're new, don't worry about doing that. We'll gently correct you, if necessary. Nearly everybody makes a few faux pas in the beginning. But if you want some basic "dos" and "don'ts", here you go:

• Do contribute. Probably the worst faux pas is to sign up and then not contribute because you lack the courage (or whatever!). If it takes "courage," you're thinking about us all wrong. We're just a bunch of fuzzy harmless puppies, who only want to play! Intellectually, of course.
• Don't comment about an article on the article page itself. Use the talk page (click the "discussion" tab) for that. (So, please remove self-referential templates from Wikipedia-sourced articles, please, such as the "cleanup" template.)
• Remember that we're collaborating here. We're not signing articles, and no one--no matter how hard he or she works on an article--owns or has special rights over any particular article. This means that we often have to negotiate (on the talk page) and come to a compromise.
• Don't be rude or disrespectful, even when you think someone has done something against the rules, or just plain stupid. Now, that doesn't mean you have to tolerate idiocy or abuse. If necessary, call a constable: constables@citizendium.org [if this address is not working yet, then try personnel@citizendium.org]. Here's the list of constables.
• Don't take your first criticism as an excuse to leave. Everyone's work comes up for criticism sooner or later here. It's a natural part of collaboration. We know we make mistakes, and unfortunately, sometimes others catch us making mistakes before we catch ourselves!
• Remember to lowercase article titles. It's unnecessary to capitalize the "g" in "English grammar"--this makes it easier to link to the article. The link should look like this: English grammar. Otherwise, we start Capitalizing Everything for which we have a link, which looks Very Strange.
• Unless the content came from Wikipedia and you want to start over, avoid simply deleting ("reverting") content other Citizendians have contributed. Can you rework it? Deletion of others' hard work definitely requires words of justification on the talk page, at a minimum.

Want to get to work, but don't know quite what to do?

Tasks on CZ are like children's games: there are endless numbers of them, you just need to know what they are. Here is a list of general tasks that "worker bees" can help with. (To be summarized here.)

Why work on the Citizendium?

We conclude with some motivational points.

• CZ is fun! Creating articles together and watching them grow to maturity is fulfilling and just plain fun.
• CZ is educational. How can you not learn if you're collaborating with experts on encyclopedia articles? It's an unusual opportunity to learn that is hard to find anywhere else.
• CZ is free. People will be able to read this high-quality information free of charge. That's tremendously valuable to the world.
• CZ is gently guided by experts. In time, we will have an enormous body of expert approved articles. Again, that's tremendously valuable to the world. Frankly, the world desperately needs more reliable information from the Internet.
• CZ is nonprofit and participant-governed--and thus independent and neutral. The information you find here will not be influenced by corporate or governmental interests. We are totally committed to acting as a "neutral playing field" for the world's information resources.
• CZ is growing and making progress on all fronts. If we succeed well with the encyclopedia, we will start other expert-guided, collaborative, free information projects. This is exciting and worthwhile.
• CZ could change the world in at least two ways:
  • First, by pioneering a new way to use wikis, we are giving the world a new model of what can be done with this versatile system of content creation. What will happen if the world has more expert-guided collaborative projects?
  • Second, and more importantly, a full-fledged Citizendium encyclopedia with millions of expert-approved articles would bring reliable knowledge to the world, and, in a small way, would help "enlighten" the world. Imagine what education and research would be like with a really successful CZ.

These are all great reasons to get involved. So let's roll up our sleeves and get to work!