Antineoplastic agent

From Citizendium
Revision as of 21:58, 4 February 2009 by imported>Robert Badgett (→‎Monoclonal antibodies)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is developing and not approved.
 Main Article
 Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
 
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Antineoplastic_agent&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

In medicine, antineoplastic agents are "substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of neoplasms".[1] Generally, antineoplastic agents are for treating malignant neoplasms such as cancers and sarcomas.

Classification

This classification is based on World Health Organization's Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology.[2]

Alkylating agents

ATC/DDD group L01A. Alkylating antineoplastic agents are a "class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood."[3]

Nitrogen mustard analogues

ATC/DDD group L01AA.

Alkyl sulfonates

ATC/DDD group L01AB.

Ethylene imines

ATC/DDD group L01AC.

Nitrosoureas

ATC/DDD group L01AD.

Epoxides

ATC/DDD group L01AG.

Other alkylating agents

ATC/DDD group L01AX.

Antimetabolites

ATC/DDD group L01B. Antineoplastic antimetabolites are "antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy."[4]

Folic acid analogues

ATC/DDD group L01BA.

Purine analogues

ATC/DDD group L01BB.

Pyrimidine analogues

ATC/DDD group L01BC.

Plant alkaloids and other natural products

ATC/DDD group L01C.

Vinca alkaloids and analogues

ATC/DDD group L01CA.

Podophyllotoxin derivatives

ATC/DDD group L01CB.

Colchicine derivatives

ATC/DDD group L01CC.

Taxanes

ATC/DDD group L01CD.

Other plant alkaloids and natural products

ATC/DDD group L01CX.

Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances

ATC/DDD group L01D.

Actinomycines

ATC/DDD group L01DA.

Anthracyclines and related substances

ATC/DDD group L01DB.

Other cytotoxic antibiotics

ATC/DDD group L01DC.

Other antineoplastic agents

ATC/DDD group L01X.

Platinum compounds

ATC/DDD group L01XA.

Methylhydrazines

ATC/DDD group L01XB.

Monoclonal antibodies

ATC/DDD group L01XC. Examples include:

EGRF
  • [Panitumumab] is an "antibody that blocks receptors for epidermal growth factor; approved for advanced colon cancer".[5]
EpCAM
ERBB2
  • [Trastuzumab] is a "HER2 antibody that lengthens remission time in metastatic breast cancer."[7]
CD3 and EpCAM
  • [Catumaxomab] is a "".[8]
MS4A1 (CD20 antigen)
  • [Rituximab] is a "genetically engineered anti-CD20 antibody for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma".[9]
SIGLEC3 (CD33)
  • [Gemtuzumab] is an "anti-CD33 antibody calicheamicin conjugate".[10]
CD52 molecule
  • [Alemtuzumab] is a "a therapeutic antibody directed against the CDw52 antigen expressed by the lymphocytes and has proven lytic abilities both in vitro and in vivo; has been sequenced".[11]
VEGFA
  • [Bevacizumab] is an "anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody consisting of humanized murine antibody with antigen-binding, complementary-determining regions from murine VEGF".[12]

Sensitizers used in photodynamic/radiation therapy

ATC/DDD group L01XD.

Protein kinase inhibitors

ATC/DDD group L01XE. Examples include matinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, dasatinib, lapatinib, nilotinib, and temsirolimus.

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Antineoplastic agent (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. ↑ Anonymous. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. World Health Organization. Retrieved on 2009-02-04.
  3. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Panitumumab [Substance Name] (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  6. ↑ Anonymous (2024), edrecolomab [Substance Name] (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  7. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Trastuzumab [Substance Name] (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  8. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Catumaxomab [Substance Name] (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  9. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Rituximab [Substance Name] (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  10. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Gemtuzumab [Substance Name] (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  11. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Alemtuzumab [Substance Name] (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  12. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Bevacizumab [Substance Name] (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Retrieved from "https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Antineoplastic_agent&oldid=578505"