Bifrenaria: Difference between revisions
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'''''Bifrenaria''''' is a genus of [[ | '''''Bifrenaria''''' is a genus of [[Orchid]]s formed by twenty species of [[South America]], some among the favorites of orchid growers because of their abundant showy [[flower]]s, which are large and very fleshy and at first glance seem artificial flowers made of [[wax]]. There are no known uses for them other than ornamental. | ||
Despite the low number of species, they can be split in two clearly distinct groups:<ref name="Cogn"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cogniaux, Celestin A.</span>(1902). ''Bifrenaria'' in Flora Brasiliensis K.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.) vol.3 p. 5: 476. [http://florabrasiliensis.cria.org.br/search?taxon_id=237 published on Internet.]</ref> one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus ''Bifrenaria''; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally denominated ''Stenocoryne'' or ''Adipe''. There are yet two other species that normally are classified as ''Bifrenaria'' but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups. They are ''Bifrenaria grandis'', endemic of [[Bolívia]], which many [[taxonomist]]s denominate ''[[Lacaena|Lacaena grandis]]'',<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kraenzlin, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig</span> (1928). ''Lacaena grandis'' in Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Ed. Selbstverlag des Herausgebers, Berlin, at vol.25: 25.</ref> and ''[[Bifrenaria steyermarkii]]'', inhabitant of northern [[Amazon Forest]],<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Dunsterville, Galfried Clement Keyworth & Garay, Leslie A.</span> (1976). ''Bifrenaria steyermarkii'' in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated vol.6: 56. London.</ref> which does not have an alternative classification as yet. | Despite the low number of species, they can be split in two clearly distinct groups:<ref name="Cogn"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cogniaux, Celestin A.</span>(1902). ''Bifrenaria'' in Flora Brasiliensis K.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.) vol.3 p. 5: 476. [http://florabrasiliensis.cria.org.br/search?taxon_id=237 published on Internet.]</ref> one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus ''Bifrenaria''; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally denominated ''Stenocoryne'' or ''Adipe''. There are yet two other species that normally are classified as ''Bifrenaria'' but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups. They are ''Bifrenaria grandis'', endemic of [[Bolívia]], which many [[taxonomist]]s denominate ''[[Lacaena|Lacaena grandis]]'',<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kraenzlin, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig</span> (1928). ''Lacaena grandis'' in Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Ed. Selbstverlag des Herausgebers, Berlin, at vol.25: 25.</ref> and ''[[Bifrenaria steyermarkii]]'', inhabitant of northern [[Amazon Forest]],<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Dunsterville, Galfried Clement Keyworth & Garay, Leslie A.</span> (1976). ''Bifrenaria steyermarkii'' in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated vol.6: 56. London.</ref> which does not have an alternative classification as yet. | ||
==Distribution== | |||
''Bifrenaria'' exist from the north of South America, one species reaching [[Trinidad]], until [[Rio Grande do Sul]], the farther south State in [[Brazil]], however they are split in two isolated areas:<ref name="Kew"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">R. Govaerts, M.A. Campacci (Brazil, 2005), D. Holland Baptista (Brazil, 2005), P.Cribb (K, 2003), Alex George (K, 2003), K.Kreuz (2004, Europe), J.Wood (K, 2003, Europe)</span> (Novembro 2008). World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [http://www.kew.org/wcsp Published on the Internet.] (Access March 2009).</ref> Amazon Forest and [[Atlantic Forest]] of Brazil. The later, where seventeen species are present, may be considered their recente center of distribution. The montane area of [[Rio de Janeiro State]] and [[Espírito Santo]] is particularly rich with fifteen species registered. [[Serra dos Órgãos]] mountains area, in Rio, is reported as habitat of fourteen ''Bifrenaria'' species,<ref name="DM"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Miller, David , Richard Warren, Izabel Moura Miller & Helmut Seehawer</span> (2006). Serra dos Órgãos sua história e suas orquídeas. Rio de Janeiro.</ref> however, some of these species are considered synonyms today,<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Koehler, S. & do Amaral, M.D.E.</span> (2004). A taxonomic study of the South american genus ''Bifrenaria'' Lindl. (Orchidaceae). Brittonia 56: 314-345.</ref> being eleven a more realistic number of species existing in the said area. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 14:04, 19 March 2009
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 Bifrenaria harrisoniae
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Bifrenaria is a genus of Orchids formed by twenty species of South America, some among the favorites of orchid growers because of their abundant showy flowers, which are large and very fleshy and at first glance seem artificial flowers made of wax. There are no known uses for them other than ornamental.
Despite the low number of species, they can be split in two clearly distinct groups:[1] one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally denominated Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are yet two other species that normally are classified as Bifrenaria but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups. They are Bifrenaria grandis, endemic of Bolívia, which many taxonomists denominate Lacaena grandis,[2] and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, inhabitant of northern Amazon Forest,[3] which does not have an alternative classification as yet.
Distribution
Bifrenaria exist from the north of South America, one species reaching Trinidad, until Rio Grande do Sul, the farther south State in Brazil, however they are split in two isolated areas:[4] Amazon Forest and Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The later, where seventeen species are present, may be considered their recente center of distribution. The montane area of Rio de Janeiro State and Espírito Santo is particularly rich with fifteen species registered. Serra dos Órgãos mountains area, in Rio, is reported as habitat of fourteen Bifrenaria species,[5] however, some of these species are considered synonyms today,[6] being eleven a more realistic number of species existing in the said area.
References
- ↑ Cogniaux, Celestin A.(1902). Bifrenaria in Flora Brasiliensis K.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.) vol.3 p. 5: 476. published on Internet.
- ↑ Kraenzlin, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1928). Lacaena grandis in Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Ed. Selbstverlag des Herausgebers, Berlin, at vol.25: 25.
- ↑ Dunsterville, Galfried Clement Keyworth & Garay, Leslie A. (1976). Bifrenaria steyermarkii in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated vol.6: 56. London.
- ↑ R. Govaerts, M.A. Campacci (Brazil, 2005), D. Holland Baptista (Brazil, 2005), P.Cribb (K, 2003), Alex George (K, 2003), K.Kreuz (2004, Europe), J.Wood (K, 2003, Europe) (Novembro 2008). World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet. (Access March 2009).
- ↑ Miller, David , Richard Warren, Izabel Moura Miller & Helmut Seehawer (2006). Serra dos Órgãos sua história e suas orquídeas. Rio de Janeiro.
- ↑ Koehler, S. & do Amaral, M.D.E. (2004). A taxonomic study of the South american genus Bifrenaria Lindl. (Orchidaceae). Brittonia 56: 314-345.