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== '''[[Robert Burns]]''' ==
== '''[[Railroads in California]]''' ==
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'''Robert Burns''' (1759–1796), popularly known as '''Robbie''' or sometimes '''Rabbie Burns''', was a [[poetry|poet]] who wrote largely in [[Scots language|Scots]] and [[Scottish English|Scottish dialect]]. Born in [[Alloway]], [[Ayrshire]], 25 January 1759, he died 37 years later in [[Dumfries]], [[Dumfriesshire]]. He has come to be regarded as Scotland's national poet, with his birth observed worldwide on "Robbie Burns Day" and celebrated with [[Burns Supper]]s. Often sentimentalized, his life was one of contradictions. An ardent nationalist, he worked for a time as an excise collector for the British Government; a champion of freedom, he almost emigrated to [[Jamaica]] to work as the bookkeeper on a friend's estate, one built on the labour of [[slave]]s.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LsoiAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=robert+burns&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7e0KUN22HuWe0QW9kNWnCg&ved=0CGEQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=robert%20burns&f=false ''Robert Burns: a memoir''] James White London 1859.</ref>
The '''Railroads in California''' played a vital role in the State's early development as well as the explosive growth that followed. The establishment of America's transcontinental rail lines permanently linked [[California]] to the rest of the country, and the far-reaching transportation systems that grew out of them during the century that followed contributed immeasurably to the state’s unrivaled social, political, and economic development. When California was admitted to the Union in 1850, and for almost two decades thereafter, it sat isolated from all other states, the country’s lone outpost on the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]].  Pioneers wishing to emigrate to the Gold Coast were faced with but three options:  a four-month windjammer voyage around the [[Cape Horn|Horn]]; through the [[malaria]]-infested jungles of [[Panama]] on  horseback; or, an arduous weeks- or even months-long trek via stage coach, covered wagon, on horseback, or (in many cases) by foot across hundreds of miles of open desert and vast mountain ranges, risking Indian attack, starvation, and other hazards.<ref>Duke and Kistler, p. 9</ref>


''[[Robert Burns|.... (read more)]]''
''[[Railroads in California|.... (read more)]]''


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Revision as of 00:20, 22 December 2012

Railroads in California


The Railroads in California played a vital role in the State's early development as well as the explosive growth that followed. The establishment of America's transcontinental rail lines permanently linked California to the rest of the country, and the far-reaching transportation systems that grew out of them during the century that followed contributed immeasurably to the state’s unrivaled social, political, and economic development. When California was admitted to the Union in 1850, and for almost two decades thereafter, it sat isolated from all other states, the country’s lone outpost on the Pacific. Pioneers wishing to emigrate to the Gold Coast were faced with but three options: a four-month windjammer voyage around the Horn; through the malaria-infested jungles of Panama on horseback; or, an arduous weeks- or even months-long trek via stage coach, covered wagon, on horseback, or (in many cases) by foot across hundreds of miles of open desert and vast mountain ranges, risking Indian attack, starvation, and other hazards.[1]

.... (read more)