English noun: Difference between revisions
imported>Stefan Olejniczak (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_class_(linguistics) and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar)) |
imported>Stefan Olejniczak No edit summary |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
A '''noun''' is a member of one kind of [[part of speech]] (in a broader sense, it can also be seen as a [[grammatical category]]), that [[linguist]]s use to divide up the part of [[language]] that deals with [[semantics|meaning]]. Other parts of speech include [[verb]]s and [[adjective]]s. | A '''noun''' is a member of one kind of [[part of speech]] (in a broader sense, it can also be seen as a [[grammatical category]]), that [[linguist]]s use to divide up the part of [[language]] that deals with [[semantics|meaning]]. Other parts of speech include [[verb]]s and [[adjective]]s. | ||
Just like verbs and adjectives, nouns are | Just like verbs and adjectives, nouns are [[content word]]s. This means among others that they belong to an open class to which new words can be added. | ||
In | In some language families - especially the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and [[Semitic languages]] - nouns are most of the time combined with [[function word]]s known as grammatical [[article (grammar)|articles]]. | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
Revision as of 05:05, 3 November 2010
A noun is a member of one kind of part of speech (in a broader sense, it can also be seen as a grammatical category), that linguists use to divide up the part of language that deals with meaning. Other parts of speech include verbs and adjectives.
Just like verbs and adjectives, nouns are content words. This means among others that they belong to an open class to which new words can be added.
In some language families - especially the Indo-European and Semitic languages - nouns are most of the time combined with function words known as grammatical articles.
Definition
Although the popular understanding of what a noun is assumes that they are simply words that refer to 'things' in the world, linguists argue that nouns can only be defined in relation to other units of language with which they work. A noun in English, then, might be identified as those units which can serve as the subject or object of a sentence.
Subdivisions
Common nouns are general, non-specific nouns:
- car
- teacher
- beach
- cheeseburger
What car? which teacher? what beach? which cheeseburger?
We can add adjectives, words that describe nouns. For example, we can have a red car, a history teacher, a beautiful beach, a tasty cheeseburger. Proper nouns
Proper nouns are specific.
- Chevrolet
- Mr. Cohen
- Miami Beach
- McDonalds cheeseburger
Proper nouns provide you information about their existence. You can have a car or you can have a Chevrolet, a Mercedes, a Saturn, or a Ford Thunderbird. You have many teachers but there is only one Mr. Cohen, Ms Raimo, and so on. There are many beaches but only one Miami Beach, one Revere Beach, and one Malibu Beach. A cheeseburger is a cheeseburger but there is only one McDonalds cheeseburger, one Sonic cheeseburger, etc.
Note: Proper nouns are capitalized.
Compound nouns
Compound nouns are nouns whose name consists of more than one word. Some examples are:
- basketball
- bike trail
English is full of compound nouns. They may appear as two or more separate words, a hyphenated word, or as one word. New compound nouns usually begin as two words, then become hyphenated, and eventually become one word. Here is an example.
- Initially, we had electronic mail.
- After a while, it became known as e-mail.
- We now call it email.
Collective nouns
Collective nouns, as the name suggests, represents collections or groups of things. Some examples include families, team, and companies.
Collective nouns are both singular and plural.
- The family is going on vacation.
- The families are going on a neighborhood picnic.
Abstract nouns represent feelings, qualities, and other things that aren't physical. Some abstract nouns include: love, honor, honesty, fear, virtue, bravery, etc.