France: Difference between revisions

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{{subpages}}
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{{Image|France Map.png|right|250px|Map of France}}
{{Infobox Country
{{Infobox Country
| conventional_long_name = French Republic
| conventional_long_name = French Republic
Line 5: Line 6:
| image_flag = Flag & Emblem of France.png  
| image_flag = Flag & Emblem of France.png  
| national_motto = "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
| national_motto = "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
| national_anthem = La Marseillaise
| national_anthem = ''[[La Marseillaise]]''
| capital = [[Paris]]
| capital = [[Paris]]
| official_languages = French
| official_languages = [[French language|French]]
| government_type = Republic
| government_type = [[Republic]]
| leader_title1 = President
| leader_title1 = [[President of France|President]]
| leader_name1 = Nicolas Sarkozy (before: Jacques Chirac)
| leader_name1 = {{headofstate|France}}
| leader_title2 = Prime Minister
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = François Fillon (before: Dominique de Villepin)
| leader_name2 = [[Bernard Cazeneuve]]
| area =  ~550,000
| area =  ~550,000
| area, mi² = ~212,000
| area, mi² = ~212,000
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| population_density = 117
| population_density = 117
| population_density_rank = 89th
| population_density_rank = 89th
| currency = Euro
| currency = [[Euro]]
| currency_code= EUR
| currency_code= EUR
| time_zone = CET
| time_zone = CET
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| calling_code = 33
| calling_code = 33
}}
}}
'''France''' officially the ''French Republic'' (French: ''République française''), is a country in western [[Europe]]. Its mainland territory, referred to as the ''Hexagone'' because of its geometric shape, extends from the [[English Channel]] to the [[Mediterranean Sea]], and from the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the [[Rhine]] and the [[Alps]]. France borders [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Monaco]], [[Andorra]] and [[Spain]]. The [[Channel Tunnel]] also links France to the [[United Kingdom]]. This territory, together with the island of Corsica off the west coast of Italy, constitutes Metropolitan France. In addition, the five Overseas Departments of [[French Guiana|Guyane]] (in [[South America]]), [[Guadeloupe]] and [[Martinique]] (in the [[Caribbean]]) and [[La Réunion]] and [[Mayotte]] (in the Indian Ocean) are governed by French law, represented in the [[Parliament of France|French Parliament]] and included in the [[European Union]]. Various other territories around the world, while having their own laws and not included in the EU, are also represented in the legislature. Guyane has land borders with [[Brazil]] and [[Suriname]], while the territory of [[Saint Martin]] has one with an overseas territory of the [[Netherlands]]. Territory claimed by France in [[Antarctica]] borders territory claimed by [[Australia]], and has point contact at the [[South Pole]] with territories claimed by the UK, [[New Zealand]], [[Argentina]], [[Chile]] and [[Norway]].<ref>A number of other countries have reserved the right to make claims in future without actually doing so.</ref>


'''France''' ([[French language|French]]: ''France''), officially the ''French Republic'' (French: ''République française''), is a mainly Western [[Europe]]an country, officially known under the name 'French Republic'. Its mainland territory, referred to as the ''Hexagone'' because of its geometric shape, extends from the [[English Channel]] to the [[Mediterranean Sea]], and from the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the [[Rhine]] and the [[Alps]]. This territory is bordered by [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Monaco]], [[Andorra]] and [[Spain]]. The [[Channel Tunnel]] also links France to the [[United Kingdom]]. This territory, together with the island of Corsica off the west coast of Italy, constitutes Metropolitan France. In addition, the four Overseas Departments of Guyane (in South America), Guadeloupe and Martinique (in the West Indies) and La Réunion are governed by French law, represented in the French Parliament and included in the European Union, while the Overseas Territories, while having their own laws and not included in the EU, are also represented in the legislature.
With nearly 62 million inhabitants in its metropolitan territory, France is one of the most populated nations in Europe. French people benefit from high living standards provided by one of the oldest industrial powers. The economy is characterized by a combination of free-market [[capitalism]] and traditional interventionism.


With nearly 62 million inhabitants in its metropolitan territory, France is one of the most populated nations in Europe. French people benefit from high living standards provided by one of the oldest industrial powers. The economy is characterized by a combination of free-market [[capitalism]] and traditional interventionism.
French culture has been deeply influenced by [[Ancient Romans|Roman civilisation]] and [[Christianity]] since antiquity. The [[Enlightenment]] and the following [[French Revolution]] gave France its current political shape, a [[democracy|democratic]] republic whose main fundamental principles are expressed in the ''[[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]''.


French culture has been deeply influenced by [[Ancient Romans|Roman civilisation]] and [[Christianity]] since antiquity. The [[Enlightenment]] and the following [[French Revolution]] gave France its current political shape, a democratic republic whose main fundamental principles are expressed in the ''[[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]''.
The [[capital (city)|capital]], [[Paris]], is also the most populated country's [[city]] and accounts for more than a quarter of the [[gross domestic product]]. The city and its region also host most of the governmental and economic bodies as well as the best-renowned educational institutions.


The [[capital]], [[Paris]], is also the most populated city and accounts for more than a quarter of the [[gross domestic product]]. The city and its region also host most of governmental and economic bodies as well as the most-renowned educational institutions.
In competition with the United Kingdom, France was one of the world's foremost powers from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. The [[World War I|First]] and [[World War II|Second World War]]s and the loss of its huge [[French Empire|colonial empire]] reduced France's prominence during the twentieth century. Despite this, France remains an important economic and political power, one of the five permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]] and an acknowledged [[French nuclear program|nuclear power]]. It is a member of the European Union, the [[United Nations]] and [[NATO]].


In competition with United Kingdom, France was one of the world's foremost powers from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. The [[World War I|First]] and [[World War II|Second World War]]s and the loss of its huge colonial empire reduced France's prominence during the twentieth century. Despite this, France remains an important economic and political power, one of the five permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]] and an acknowledged [[French nuclear program|nuclear power]]. It is a member of the [[European Union]], the [[United Nations]] and [[NATO]].
The current [[President of France|president]] and [[head of state]] has been {{headofstate|France}} since {{headofstate-enteredoffice|President|France}}.
{{Image|France Map.png|left|250px|Map of France}}


==Geography==
==Geography==
==History==
==History==
''See main article'' [[France, history]]
===France in Antiquity===
===France in Antiquity===
===The Merovengian and Carolingian Eras===
===The Merovingian and Carolingian Eras===
 
===Medieval France===
===Medieval France===
===The Reformation and the Wars of Religion===
===The Reformation and the Wars of Religion===
===From Richeleu to Louis XIV===
===From Richelieu to Louis XIV===
 
===The Late ''Ancien Regime'' and the French Revolution===
===The Late ''Ancien Regime'' and the French Revolution===
===France in the 19th Century===
===France in the 19th Century===
Line 60: Line 63:


==Military==
==Military==
==Footnotes==
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 16:54, 2 September 2019

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(PD) Map: CIA World Factbook
Map of France
French Republic
Flag & Emblem of France.png
Motto "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
National anthem La Marseillaise
Capital Paris
Official language French
Government type Republic
President Emmanuel Macrone
Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve
Area ~550,000 km²
Population 64,102,100 (20th)
(2007 estimate)
Population density 117/km² (89th)
Currency Euro (EUR)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
Summer:CEST (UTC+2)
Country codes Internet TLD : fr
Calling code : +33

France officially the French Republic (French: République française), is a country in western Europe. Its mainland territory, referred to as the Hexagone because of its geometric shape, extends from the English Channel to the Mediterranean Sea, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rhine and the Alps. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra and Spain. The Channel Tunnel also links France to the United Kingdom. This territory, together with the island of Corsica off the west coast of Italy, constitutes Metropolitan France. In addition, the five Overseas Departments of Guyane (in South America), Guadeloupe and Martinique (in the Caribbean) and La Réunion and Mayotte (in the Indian Ocean) are governed by French law, represented in the French Parliament and included in the European Union. Various other territories around the world, while having their own laws and not included in the EU, are also represented in the legislature. Guyane has land borders with Brazil and Suriname, while the territory of Saint Martin has one with an overseas territory of the Netherlands. Territory claimed by France in Antarctica borders territory claimed by Australia, and has point contact at the South Pole with territories claimed by the UK, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile and Norway.[1]

With nearly 62 million inhabitants in its metropolitan territory, France is one of the most populated nations in Europe. French people benefit from high living standards provided by one of the oldest industrial powers. The economy is characterized by a combination of free-market capitalism and traditional interventionism.

French culture has been deeply influenced by Roman civilisation and Christianity since antiquity. The Enlightenment and the following French Revolution gave France its current political shape, a democratic republic whose main fundamental principles are expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

The capital, Paris, is also the most populated country's city and accounts for more than a quarter of the gross domestic product. The city and its region also host most of the governmental and economic bodies as well as the best-renowned educational institutions.

In competition with the United Kingdom, France was one of the world's foremost powers from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. The First and Second World Wars and the loss of its huge colonial empire reduced France's prominence during the twentieth century. Despite this, France remains an important economic and political power, one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and an acknowledged nuclear power. It is a member of the European Union, the United Nations and NATO.

The current president and head of state has been Emmanuel Macrone since 14th May 2017e.

Geography

History

See main article France, history

France in Antiquity

The Merovingian and Carolingian Eras

Medieval France

The Reformation and the Wars of Religion

From Richelieu to Louis XIV

The Late Ancien Regime and the French Revolution

France in the 19th Century

The World Wars and after

Politics

Economy

Demographics

Military

Footnotes

  1. A number of other countries have reserved the right to make claims in future without actually doing so.