Hip fracture
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In medicine, hip fractures are "fractures of the femur head; the femur neck; (femoral neck fractures); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (femoral fractures)."[1]
Classification
Upper right femur viewed from behind and above.
Intracapsular fractures
- Femoral head fracture
- Femoral neck fractures
Extracapsular fractures
- Intertrochanteric fractures
- Subtrochanteric fractures. These are 2-4% of all hip fractures[2]; some may be a rare drug toxicity of bisphosphonate medications used to treat osteoporosis.[3].
Etiology
Osteoporosis and accidental falls are risk factors.
Treatment
Surgical treatment is optimal, especially for intracapsular fractures.[4]
For incomplete intertrochanteric fractures, conservative therapy is an option.[5]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Hip fracture (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Shane, Elizabeth (2010-03-24). "Evolving Data about Subtrochanteric Fractures and Bisphosphonates". N Engl J Med: NEJMe1003064. DOI:10.1056/NEJMe1003064. Retrieved on 2010-03-25. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Black, Dennis M.; Michael P. Kelly, Harry K. Genant, Lisa Palermo, Richard Eastell, Christina Bucci-Rechtweg, Jane Cauley, Ping Chung Leung, Steven Boonen, Arthur Santora, Anne de Papp, Douglas C. Bauer, the Fracture Intervention Trial and HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial Steering Committees (2010-03-24). "Bisphosphonates and Fractures of the Subtrochanteric or Diaphyseal Femur". N Engl J Med: NEJMoa1001086. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1001086. Retrieved on 2010-03-25. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Handoll HH, Parker MJ (2008). "Conservative versus operative treatment for hip fractures in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD000337. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000337.pub2. PMID 18646065. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Alam A, Willett K, Ostlere S (2005). "The MRI diagnosis and management of incomplete intertrochanteric fractures of the femur.". J Bone Joint Surg Br 87 (9): 1253-5. DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.87B9.16558. PMID 16129752. Research Blogging.