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In [[pharmacology]], '''zolpidem''' is an agonist of the inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA). Zolpidem's pharmacological action is in the category of [[sedative|hypnotics and sedatives]]. Zolpidem is one of the Z drugs ([[zopiclone]], [[eszopiclone]], zolpidem, and [[zaleplon]]).
In [[pharmacology]], '''zolpidem''' is an agonist of the inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA). Zolpidem's pharmacological action is in the category of [[sedative|hypnotics and sedatives]]. Zolpidem is one of the Z drugs ([[zopiclone]], [[eszopiclone]], zolpidem, and [[zaleplon]]).
While it is a controlled substance in the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] Schedule IV, its risk of dependency is nonzero but low, especially when compared to [[benzodiazepine]]s or [[barbiturate]]s. 
==Efficacy==
In treating persistent [[insomnia]] in adults, 6 weeks of zolpidem 10 mg nightly along with weekly sessions of [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] followed by 6 months of monthly sessions and no medications yielded the most remission of insomnia in a [[randomized controlled trial]].<ref name="pmid19454639">{{cite journal| author=Morin CM, Vallières A, Guay B, Ivers H, Savard J, Mérette C et al.| title=Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. | journal=JAMA | year= 2009 | volume= 301 | issue= 19 | pages= 2005-15 | pmid=19454639
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19454639 | doi=10.1001/jama.2009.682 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>
In [[geriatrics]], the benefits of zolpidem for insomnia to not clearly exceed the [[drug toxicity]].<ref name="pmid16284208">{{cite journal| author=Glass J, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N, Sproule BA, Busto UE| title=Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits. | journal=BMJ | year= 2005 | volume= 331 | issue= 7526 | pages= 1169 | pmid=16284208
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16284208 | doi=10.1136/bmj.38623.768588.47 | pmc=PMC1285093 }}  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16813362 Review in: ACP J Club. 2006 Jul-Aug;145(1):14]  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17213123 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2006 Aug;11(4):110]  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16865838 Review in: Evid Based Nurs. 2006 Jul;9(3):87] <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref><ref name="pmid9417012">{{cite journal| author=Nowell PD, Mazumdar S, Buysse DJ, Dew MA, Reynolds CF, Kupfer DJ| title=Benzodiazepines and zolpidem for chronic insomnia: a meta-analysis of treatment efficacy. | journal=JAMA | year= 1997 Dec 24-31 | volume= 278 | issue= 24 | pages= 2170-7 | pmid=9417012
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9417012 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref>


== More Information==
== More Information==

Latest revision as of 20:51, 8 December 2009

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In pharmacology, zolpidem is an agonist of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Zolpidem's pharmacological action is in the category of hypnotics and sedatives. Zolpidem is one of the Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon).

While it is a controlled substance in the Drug Enforcement Administration Schedule IV, its risk of dependency is nonzero but low, especially when compared to benzodiazepines or barbiturates.

Efficacy

In treating persistent insomnia in adults, 6 weeks of zolpidem 10 mg nightly along with weekly sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy followed by 6 months of monthly sessions and no medications yielded the most remission of insomnia in a randomized controlled trial.[1]

In geriatrics, the benefits of zolpidem for insomnia to not clearly exceed the drug toxicity.[2][3]

More Information


References