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From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

Biochemistry is the study of the chemicals and chemical processes in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biological compounds.^[1][2]

Contents 1 Macromolecules 1.1 Nucleic acid 1.2 Protein 1.3 Carbohydrate 1.4 Lipid 2 Metabolism 2.1 Energy 2.1.1 Glycolysis 2.1.2 Krebs cycle 2.2 Proteins 2.2.1 Urea cycle 3 Signal transduction 3.1 Intercellular primary messenger 3.1.1 Hormone 3.1.2 Neurotransmitter 3.2 Cell surface receptor 3.3 Ion channel 3.4 Second messenger system 4 Nobel laureates contributing to Biochemistry 5 references

Macromolecules

For more information, see: Macromolecules

Nucleic acid

• DNA
• RNA

Protein

For more information, see: Protein

• Enzyme
• Amino acid
• Peptide

Carbohydrate

Lipid

For more information, see: Lipid

Metabolism

For more information, see: Metabolism

Energy

Glycolysis

For more information, see: Glycolysis

• NAD

Krebs cycle

For more information, see: Citric acid cycle

• FAD
• Electron transport chain
• Photosynthesis
• Intermediary metabolism

Proteins

Urea cycle

For more information, see: Urea cycle

Signal transduction

For more information, see: Signal transduction

Signal transduction is the "intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway".^[3][4]

Intercellular primary messenger

Examples of primary messengers include hormones and neurotransmitters.

Hormone

For more information, see: Hormone

Neurotransmitter

For more information, see: Neurotransmitter

Cell surface receptor

For more information, see: Cell surface receptor

Ion channel

For more information, see: Ion channel

Second messenger system

For more information, see: Second messenger system

Examples of second messenger systems include the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system

Nobel laureates contributing to Biochemistry

• Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger
• Richard J Roberts and PA Sharp
• Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg
• Alexander Fleming, EB Chain and HW Florey
• Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
• Linus Pauling

references

1. ↑ Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. (2002). Biochemistry. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0. 
2. ↑ Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Victor W. Rodwell (2006). Harper’s illustrated biochemistry, 27th. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. LCC QP514 .R4.  LCCN 2003-029
3. ↑ Anonymous, (2008) Signal transduction (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ↑ Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. (2002). “15. Signal-Transduction Pathways: An Introduction to Information Metabolism”, Biochemistry. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0.