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Biology > Related Articles
From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium
< Biology
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Parent topics
- Science [r]: The organized body of knowledge about the physical world derived from the activities of observation and experimentation. [e]
Subtopics
Subdisciplines
- Anthropology [r]: The holistic study of humankind; from the Greek words anthropos ("human") and logia ("study"). [e]
- Astrobiology [r]: The study of life in the universe [e]
- Biochemistry [r]: The chemistry of living things; a field of both biology and chemistry. [e]
- Biodiversity [r]: The study of the diversity of life. [e]
- Biogeography [r]: The study of patterns of species distribution and the processes that result in such patterns. [e]
- Bioinformatics [r]: The study of (usually molecular) biological systems by computational means [e]
- Biophysics [r]: The study of forces and energies in biological systems. [e]
- Botany [r]: The study of plants and fungi (mycology). [e]
- Cell biology [r]: The study of the components of cells and their interactions. [e]
- Computational biology [r]: The study of biological systems by computational means [e]
- Developmental biology [r]: The study of how cells grow and interact to form an organism. [e]
- Ecology [r]: The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and how they are affected by the environment. [e]
- Endocrinology [r]: The study of glands and the hormonal regulation of physiology. [e]
- Ethology [r]: The scientific study of animal behavior. [e]
- Evolutionary biology [r]: The study of the origin and descent of species, as well as their change, multiplication, and diversity over time. [e]
- Genetics [r]: The study of the inheritance of characteristics, genes and DNA. [e]
- History of biology [r]: The study of the development of knowledge and methodology in the study of life. [e]
- Immunology [r]: The study of all aspects of the immune system in all animals. [e]
- Marine biology [r]: The study of life in the seas and oceans. [e]
- Microbiology [r]: The study of microorganisms (overlapping with areas of bacteriology, mycology, and parasitology). [e]
- Molecular biology [r]: The study of molecular interactions within cells. [e]
- Morphology (biology) [r]: The study of biological structure. [e]
- Neuroscience [r]: The study of nervous systems and their components. [e]
- Palaeontology [r]: The study of extinct life forms, particularly fossils. [e]
- Population biology [r]: The study of life at the species level. [e]
- Physiology [r]: The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of tissues and how they interact. [e]
- Synthetic biology [r]: The study of artificial life forms. [e]
- Systematics [r]: The study of the diversity of organism characteristics, and how they relate via evolution. [e]
- Systems biology [r]: The study of biological systems as a whole [e]
- Taxonomy [r]: The principles underlying classification, often in a hierarchy. [e]
- Theoretical biology [r]: The study of biological systems by theoretical means [e]
- Virology [r]: The study of viruses, sometimes included in the field of microbiology. [e]
- Zoology [r]: The scientific study of animals. [e]
History of biology
- Natural history [r]: The study of natural objects or organisms often relating to biology. [e]
- Geography [r]: Study of the surface of the Earth and the activities of humanity upon it. [e]
- Ecology [r]: The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and how they are affected by the environment. [e]
- Molecular biology [r]: The study of molecular interactions within cells. [e]
- Evolutionary biology [r]: The study of the origin and descent of species, as well as their change, multiplication, and diversity over time. [e]
- Great Chain of Being [r]: Add brief definition or description
Techniques
- Cell culture [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Centrifugation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Chromatography [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Computational morphometry [r]: The study of shapes by computational means [e]
- Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Dielectrophoresis [r]: Add brief definition or description
- DNA sequencing [r]: Add brief definition or description
- DNA microarray [r]: used to measure and compare the expression levels for thousands of genes between different experimental samples. [e]
- Electrorotation [r]: The rotation of dielectric particles induced by application of rotating electric fields. [e]
- Enzyme assay [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Gel electrophoresis [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Genetic engineering [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Green fluorescent protein [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Northern blot [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Optical Tweezers [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Patch clamp [r]: An electrophysiological recording technique that enables the investigation of single or multiple ion channel properties. [e]
- Polymerase chain reaction [r]: A biochemical technique used to amplify the amount of DNA obtained from a sample. [e]
- Protein purification [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Restriction enzyme [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Scanning electron microscopy [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Southern blot [r]: A technique to detect the presence of a specific fragment of DNA, often from a whole genome or complex mixture of DNA, using a sequence specific probe. It is named after Edward M. Southern who developed the technique at Edinburgh University in the 1970. [e]
- Transformation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Transmission electron microscopy [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Two-hybrid screening [r]: Add brief definition or description
- UV Laser ablation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Vector [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Western blot [r]: Add brief definition or description
The scientific discipline
Other related topics
General
- Life [r]: A dynamic system with homeostasis, compositionality, metabolism, growth, adaptation, irritability and reproduction [e]
- Species [r]: A fundamental unit of biological classification - a set of individual organisms that produce fertile offspring. [e]
Tree of life
- Tree of life [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Phylogeny [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Animal [r]: A multicellular organism that feeds on other organisms; distinguished from plants and fungi, as well as single-celled organisms. [e]
- Plant [r]: Please do not use this term in your topic list, because there is no single article for it. Please substitute a more precise term. See Plant (disambiguation) for a list of available, more precise, topics. Please add a new usage if needed.
- Fungi [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Protist [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Bacteria [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Archaea [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Prokaryote [r]: Single celled organism with no membrane-bound organelles. [e]
- Eukaryote [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Three-domain system [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Angiosperm [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Insect [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Nematode [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Virus [r]: A microscopic particle that can infect the cells of a biological organism and cannot reproduce without the assistance of the cells it infects [e]
Classification of man
- Primate [r]: A member of the biological order Primates, which includes prosimians (galagos, lorises, lemurs and tarsiers), monkeys, apes, and humans. [e]
- Mammal [r]: A warm-blooded animal with a backbone which also has hair, and produces milk to feeds its young. [e]
- Vertebrate [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Craniata [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Chordate [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Deuterostome [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Animal [r]: A multicellular organism that feeds on other organisms; distinguished from plants and fungi, as well as single-celled organisms. [e]
The cell
- Cell wall [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Cell membrane [r]: The outer surface of a cell which encloses its contents. [e]
- Cytoskeleton [r]: The mechanical scaffold, made up of fibrous proteins, determining the shape of a cell. [e]
- Mitochondrion [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Chloroplast [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Nucleus [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Endoplasmic reticulum [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Golgi apparatus [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Cell cycle [r]: Is the progression of a events from the time where a eukaryotic cell divides itself into two cells until the new cells are ready to divide again. [e]
- Mitosis [r]: The process of eukaryotic cell division. [e]
- Metabolism [r]: The modification of chemical substances by living organisms. [e]
- Cell signaling [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Protein targeting [r]: Add brief definition or description
Ecology
- Biomass [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Food chain [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Indicator species [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Extinction [r]: The complete elimination of a species. [e]
- Habitat [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Species distribution [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Gaia theory [r]: Add brief definition or description
Conservation
- Biodiversity [r]: The study of the diversity of life. [e]
- Biodiversity hotspot [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Nature reserve [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Edge effect [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Allee effect [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Corridor [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fragmentation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Pollution [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Invasive species [r]: Add brief definition or description
- In situ - ex situ [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Seedbank [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Environmental economics [r]: The study of economic costs and benefits of environmental policies. [e]
Evolution
- Natural selection [r]: The differential survival and/or reproduction of classes of entities that differ in one or more characteristics [e]
- Genetic drift [r]: Describes how some alleles either increase or decrease in a population due to chance events. [e]
- Sexual selection [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Speciation [r]: An event that produces two lineages that become separate species. [e]
- Mutation [r]: Changes to the DNA sequence that cause new genetic variation. [e]
- Gene flow [r]: The movement of genetic alleles from one population to another. If there is a low gene flow between two populations they may become distinct species. [e]