|
We are creating the world's most trusted encyclopedia and knowledge base.
|
CZ:Core Articles > Biology
From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium
| Biology article | All articles | To Approve | Editors and Authors | Status (Userinfo System) | Forum | ||
| Recent changes | Approved [0] | Mailing list: cz-biology | |||||
| Draft | |||||||
| Checklist-generated categories: Underlinked | Cat Check | Cleanup | Subpage categories: Related Articles | Bibliography | External Links | Gallery | Video | Definitions | |||||||
This page lists links to entries identified as CZ:Core Articles in biology.
Legend:
(Approved)
(Status 1)
(Status 2)
(Status 3)
(External)
Example article1 (Nominated for approval)
Example article2 (Nominated for reapproval)
-
Biology: The science of life, of complex, self-organizing, information-processing systems living in the past, present or future. [e]
-
Life: A dynamic system with homeostasis, compositionality, metabolism, growth, adaptation, irritability and reproduction [e]
Contents |
Biochemistry
-
Biochemistry: The chemistry of living things; a field of both biology and chemistry. [e]
-
Metabolism: The modification of chemical substances by living organisms. [e]
-
Ion channel: Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for channel gating can be a membrane potential, drug, transmitter, cytoplasmic messenger, or a mechanical deformation (U.S. National Library of Medicine). [e]
- Protein synthesis: Add brief definition or description
- Oxidative phosphorylation: Add brief definition or description
- Anaerobic respiration: Add brief definition or description
- Active site: Add brief definition or description
-
Adenosine triphosphate: A molecule sometimes called the "energy currency" of a cell [e]
- Antibody: Add brief definition or description
- ATP synthase: Add brief definition or description
- Carbohydrate: Add brief definition or description
- Chemiosmosis: Add brief definition or description
- Electron transport chain: Add brief definition or description
- Enzyme kinetics: Add brief definition or description
- Fat: Adipose tissue; the body's store of energy. [e]
- Glycoprotein: Add brief definition or description
- Michaelis-Menten kinetics: Add brief definition or description
- Monoclonal antibody: Add brief definition or description
- Myosin: Add brief definition or description
- Peptide: Add brief definition or description
- Protein phosphorylation: Add brief definition or description
- Polypeptide: Add brief definition or description
- Polysaccharide: Add brief definition or description
- Protein folding: Add brief definition or description
-
Protein structure: Add brief definition or description
- Proteolysis: Add brief definition or description
- Receptor (biochemistry): Add brief definition or description
- Redox: Add brief definition or description
- Substrate (biology): Add brief definition or description
- Vitamin: Add brief definition or description
Biography
-
Biography: The history of a person's life. [e]
-
Félix d'Hérelle: (1873 – 1949) - A French-Canadian bacteriologist, and the discoverer of bacteriophages. [e]
-
Frederick Twort: (1877 – 1950) - English bacteriologist who discovered that bacteriophages are viruses that attack and destroy bacteria. [e]
-
Barbara McClintock: (1902 – 1992) - American cytogeneticist who won a Nobel Prize in 1983 for the discovery of genetic transposition. [e]
- Thomas Hunt Morgan: Add brief definition or description
- Gregor Mendel: Add brief definition or description
- Carolus Linnaeus: Add brief definition or description
- Lynn Margulis: Add brief definition or description
-
Louis Pasteur: Add brief definition or description
Botany
-
Botany: The study of plants and fungi (mycology). [e]
- Xylem: Add brief definition or description
-
Photosynthesis: Scientific term for the conversion of sunlight into energy by plants [e]
- Ethylene: Add brief definition or description
- Action spectrum: Add brief definition or description
- Auxin: Add brief definition or description
- Calvin cycle: Add brief definition or description
- Cellulose: Add brief definition or description
- Chlorophyll: Add brief definition or description
- Gibberellin: Add brief definition or description
- Gravitropism: Add brief definition or description
- Leaf: Add brief definition or description
- Phloem: Add brief definition or description
- Plasmolysis: Add brief definition or description
-
Root: The leafless part of a plant that is used to take up water and nutrients. [e]
- Seed: Add brief definition or description
- Starch: Add brief definition or description
- Stoma: Add brief definition or description
- Thylakoid: Add brief definition or description
Cell Biology
- Cell Biology: The study of the components of cells and their interactions. [e]
- Phospholipid bilayer: Add brief definition or description
- Flagellum: Add brief definition or description
- Cell nucleus: Add brief definition or description
- Chloroplast: Add brief definition or description
-
Mitochondrion: Add brief definition or description -- Thomas Simmons
-
Apoptosis: Programmed cell death by which cells in a multicellular organism undergo a controlled death. [e]
- Biological membrane: An amphiliphilic envelope of cells and subcellular structural units [e]
-
Cell division: The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. [e]
- Cell wall: Add brief definition or description
- Cytoplasm: Add brief definition or description
- Cytosol: Add brief definition or description
- Endoplasmic reticulum: Add brief definition or description
- Fluid mosaic model: Add brief definition or description
-
Golgi apparatus: Add brief definition or description
- Microtubules: Add brief definition or description
-
Organelle: Add brief definition or description
-
Phagocytosis: That part of immune response in which defensive cells such as neutrophils and macrophages surround and "digest" foreign particles [e]
- Pseudopod: Add brief definition or description
- Ribosome: Add brief definition or description
-
Signal transduction: The intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway (U.S. National Library of Medicine). [e]
- Vacuole: Add brief definition or description
- Vesicle (biology): Add brief definition or description
Developmental Biology
- Developmental Biology: Add brief definition or description
-
Embryo: An organism in its earliest stages of development; the process of development during this period is called embryogenesis. [e]
Ecology
-
Ecology: The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and how they are affected by the environment. [e]
-
Habitat: Add brief definition or description
- Chemoautotrophic: Add brief definition or description
- Parasitism: Add brief definition or description
- Carbon cycle: Add brief definition or description
-
Carnivore: An animal that eats other animals in its primary diet. [e]
- Ecological niche: Add brief definition or description
- Fundamental niche: Add brief definition or description
- Growth curve: Add brief definition or description
- Herbivore: Add brief definition or description
- Hibernation: Add brief definition or description
- Insectivores: Add brief definition or description
- Invasive species: Add brief definition or description
- Nitrogen cycle: Add brief definition or description
-
Population: Add brief definition or description
- Predation: Add brief definition or description
-
Symbiosis: The interdependence of organisms belonging to different species. [e]
-
Thermocline: A boundary layer between water at different temperatures in deep bodies of water. [e]
Evolution
-
Evolution: A change over time in the proportions of individual organisms differing genetically. [e]
- Microevolution: Add brief definition or description
- Speciation: An event that produces two lineages that become separate species. [e]
- Phylogeny: Add brief definition or description
- Endosymbiosis: Add brief definition or description
-
Adaptation: Describes the event of a trait being selected by the mechanism of natural selection. [e]
- Convergent evolution: Add brief definition or description
-
Evolution of cells: The birth of cells marked the passage from pre-biotic chemistry to partitioned units resembling modern cells. [e]
- Evolutionary tree: Add brief definition or description
-
Fossilization: The set of geological processes that convert organic remains into fossils. [e]
- Genetic drift: Describes how some alleles either increase or decrease in a population due to chance events. [e]
- Homology (biology): Add brief definition or description
- Macroevolution: Add brief definition or description
- Molecular clock: Add brief definition or description
- Monophyletic: Add brief definition or description
- Muller's ratchet: Add brief definition or description
Genetics
-
Horizontal gene transfer: Transfer of genetic material to a being other than one of the donor's offspring. [e]
-
Genetics: The study of the inheritance of characteristics, genes and DNA. [e]
-
DNA: A macromolecule that stores genetic information. Chemically, a nucleic acid. [e]
-
Mitosis: The process of eukaryotic cell division. [e]
-
Genetic code: Correlation between RNA codons and protein amino acids. [e]
- Chromosome: Add brief definition or description
- Mendelian inheritance: Add brief definition or description
- Acquired characteristics: Add brief definition or description
- Adaptive radiation: Add brief definition or description
-
Allele: A gene flavor and one of a pair in a cell (one per chromosome). For example, Mendel used two different alleles for seed shape, one allele for round seeds (R) and the other for wrinkled seed shape (r). [e]
- Asexual reproduction: Add brief definition or description
- Autosome: Add brief definition or description
- Centromere: Add brief definition or description
- Chiasma: Add brief definition or description
- Chromatid: Add brief definition or description
- Chromatin: Add brief definition or description
- Codon: Add brief definition or description
- Diploid: Add brief definition or description
- Double helix: Add brief definition or description
-
Epigenetics: Modifications in a gene's activity, expression, and/or regulation that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence. It is possible for such differences to be inherited from one generation to the next. [e]
- Exon: Add brief definition or description
- Gamete: Add brief definition or description
- Gene duplication: Add brief definition or description
-
Gene: The functional unit of heredity. [e]
- Genetic recombination: Add brief definition or description
- Genome: Add brief definition or description
- Haploid: Add brief definition or description
- Heredity: Add brief definition or description
- Hermaphrodite: Add brief definition or description
- Heterochromatin: Add brief definition or description
- Heterozygote: Add brief definition or description
- Homozygote: Add brief definition or description
-
Intron: Add brief definition or description
- Locus (genetics): Add brief definition or description
- Lyon hypothesis: Add brief definition or description
- Meiosis: Add brief definition or description
-
Metaphase: The process of eukaryotic cell division. [e]
- Mutagen: Add brief definition or description
- Oncogene: Add brief definition or description
- Phenotype: Add brief definition or description
- Punnett square: Add brief definition or description
- Quantitative trait loci: Add brief definition or description
- Recombination: Add brief definition or description
- Sexual reproduction: Add brief definition or description
- Sister chromatid: Add brief definition or description
- Splicing (genetics): Add brief definition or description
- Telomere: Add brief definition or description
-
Transposon: Blocks of conserved DNA that can occasionally move to different positions within the chromosomes of a cell. [e]
- Trait (biology): Add brief definition or description
- Wobble base pair: Add brief definition or description
- X chromosome: Add brief definition or description
- Y chromosome: Add brief definition or description
-
Microbiology: The study of microorganisms (overlapping with areas of bacteriology, mycology, and parasitology). [e]
Molecular Biology
-
RNA interference: Process that inhibits the flow of genetic information to protein synthesis. [e]
- Molecular Biology: Add brief definition or description
-
Human Genome Project: Genetic sequencing project that has mapped the entirety of one human genome. [e]
-
Polymerase chain reaction: A biochemical technique used to amplify the amount of DNA obtained from a sample. [e] -- Thomas Berkhout
- Transcription (genetics): Add brief definition or description
-
Actin: A globular protein that can polymerise to form microfilaments; essential for cell movement and muscle contraction. [e]
-
Antibiotic resistance: The development of resistance to an antibiotic in an organism originally susceptible to it [e]
-
Connexin: Add brief definition or description
- DNA replication: Add brief definition or description
- Electrophoresis: Add brief definition or description
- Enhancer: Add brief definition or description
-
Erythropoietin: A protein hormone produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia; it is essential for normal development and maturation of red blood cells (RBC). [e]
- Homeobox: Add brief definition or description
- Lac repressor: Add brief definition or description
- Microarray: Add brief definition or description
-
Microsatellite: Add brief definition or description
- Non-coding RNA: Add brief definition or description
- Nucleic acid: A class of macromolecules important in conveying genetic information. [e]
- Nucleotide: Add brief definition or description
- Okazaki fragment: Add brief definition or description
- Operon: Add brief definition or description
-
Oxytocin: A mammalian hormone that is secreted into the bloodstream from the posterior pituitary gland, and which is also released into the brain where it has effects on social behaviors. [e]
- Plasmid: Add brief definition or description
- Promoter: Add brief definition or description
-
Restriction enzyme: Add brief definition or description
-
RNA: A polymer, made using the nucleotides of adenosine, guanosine, uridine and cytidine, that is used for a variety of biological functions in living systems. [e]
- Transcription factor: Add brief definition or description
- Transformation (genetics): Add brief definition or description
Physiology
-
Physiology: The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of tissues and how they interact. [e]
-
Homeostasis (biology): The coordinated physiological reactions which maintain most of the steady states in an organism. [e]
- Osmosis: Add brief definition or description
- Circadian rhythm: Add brief definition or description
-
Action potential: A brief change in voltage that travels along a cell membrane. [e]
- Active transport: Add brief definition or description
- Facilitated diffusion: Add brief definition or description
- Feedback inhibition: Add brief definition or description
-
Neuron: Add brief definition or description
- Pregnancy: Add brief definition or description
- Reproduction:
