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- Africa [r]: Continent stretching over the equator, hosting deserts, tropical jungles and savanna as well as over fifty nations; population about 900,000,000. [e]
- Aluminum [r]: The third most abundant metal on Earth, [e]
- Alvise Cadamosto [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Anion [r]: A chemical ion with a negative charge. Positive ions are called cations. [e]
- Architecture of the Song Dynasty [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Argon [r]: A chemical element with atomic number 18. It is an inert gas in group 18 of the modern periodic table. [e]
- Arsenic [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol As, and atomic number (the number of protons) 33. [e]
- Arthritis [r]: A group of medical conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. [e]
- Astatine [r]: A radioactive chemical element with atomic number Z=85. [e]
- Atom (science) [r]: The defining unit of chemical elements. [e]
- Atomic electron configuration [r]: A specification of the occupation of an atom's electron orbitals by electrons. [e]
- Atomic mass [r]: The mass of an atom expressed in unified atomic mass units (u) and formerly known as atomic weight. [e]
- Atomic number [r]: The number of protons in the nucleus of a single atom of a chemical element. [e]
- Atomic radius [r]: A measure of the size of an atom, usually the distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. [e]
- Australia [r]: Continent in the Southern Hemisphere and the federal parliamentary nation that occupies it. [e]
- Bank for International Settlements [r]: A forum of central bank governors and senior executives for the discussion and policy analysis whose standing committees include the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. [e]
- Beryllium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Be, and atomic number (the number of protons) 4. [e]
- Boron [r]: A rare chemical element (atomic number = 5) present in 0.0003% of the earth's crust, mostly as borax and kernite. [e]
- Brazil [r]: Largest country in South America with a population of 190 million people and rich resources; Portuguese is the national language [e]
- British Empire [r]: The worldwide domain controlled by Britain from its origins about 1600 until independence was granted to the dominions in the 1920s, India in 1947, and the other colonies about 1960. [e]
- Bromine [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Br, and atomic number (the number of protons) 35. [e]
- Buddhism in Bhutan [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Cadmium [r]: A chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. [e]
- Calcium [r]: The chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. [e]
- Carbon [r]: Fourth most abundant chemical element in the Universe, with atomic number Z=6. [e]
- Catalog of magnetic nuclei [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Chemical elements [r]: Chemical elements, in one sense of the term, refers to species or types of atoms and, in another sense of the term, refers to chemical pure substances each composed of atoms solely of a single species or type. [e]
- Chemical symbol [r]: A shorthand for denoting chemical elements, e.g. in the Periodic Table of Elements or in chemical formulas and equations. [e]
- Chemistry [r]: The science of matter, or of the electrical or electrostatical interactions of matter. [e]
- Chile [r]: A country in the southwestern part of South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean. [e]
- Chinese Exclusion Act [r]: Law passed by the United States Congress in 1882 that attempted to prevent the large scale immigration of Chinese workers into America. [e]
- Chlorine [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Cl, and atomic number (the number of protons) 17. [e]
- Chromium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Cr, and atomic number (the number of protons) 24. [e]
- Cobalt [r]: A hard, lustrous, grey metal, a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. [e]
- Colombia [r]: Country in South America. [e]
- Color [r]: The property of reflecting light of a particular wavelength distinguished by the qualities of hue (as red, brown, yellow, etc.), lightness (for pigmented surfaces) or brightness (for light itself), and saturation (the degree of intensity of a hue). [e]
- Copper [r]: A transition metal chemical element. [e]
- Density (chemistry) [r]: A measure of the mass per unit volume of a gas, liquid or solid. [e]
- Deuterium [r]: An isotope of the chemical element hydrogen containing one proton and one neutron. [e]
- Egypt [r]: A country in the northeastern corner of Africa, bordering Sudan, Libya, the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea [e]
- Electron configuration [r]: The arrangement of electrons of an atom, a molecule, or other physical structure, distributed in the orbitals of the given system. [e]
- Fluorine [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol F, and atomic number (the number of protons) 9. [e]
- Gallium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ga, and atomic number (the number of protons) 31. [e]
- Genesis [r]: First book of the Torah and the Hebrew Bible. [e]
- Geomicrobiology [r]: Study of microbes within inorganic environments, such as sedimentary rocks and aquifers. [e]
- Germanium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ge, and atomic number (the number of protons) 32. [e]
- Half-life [r]: The amount of time needed for one half of any reactant subject to first-order decomposition to decay. [e]
- Helium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Au, and atomic number (the number of protons) 79. [e]
- Human [r]: Bipedal mammalian species native to most continents and sharing a common ape ancestor with chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans; notable for evolving language and adapting its habitat to its own needs. [e]
- Hydrogen [r]: The most abundant and lightest chemical element which has atomic number Z = 1 and chemical symbol H. [e]
- Iodine [r]: A halogen and chemical element that has the symbol I and atomic number 53. [e]
- Iridium [r]: A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal and chemical element with atomic number 77, and is represented by the symbol Ir. [e]
- Iron [r]: An important transition metal and chemical element with the symbol Fe (Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. [e]
- Isotope [r]: An atom of a chemical element with a specific number of neutrons and hence a specific nuclear mass, such as carbon-14 (14C). [e]
- James Pierson Beckwourth [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Kidney [r]: Organs in the dorsal region of the vertebrate abdominal cavity, functioning to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which are then excreted as urine. [e]
- Kilogram [r]: The kilogram is the basic unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI, metric system). [e]
- Knight [r]: Term used in the Middle Ages for a warrior of noble ancestry. [e]
- Krugerrand [r]: A South African gold bullion coin used as legal tender; equal to ten rand. [e]
- Krypton [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Li, and atomic number (the number of protons) 3. [e]
- Lead [r]: Chemical element number 82, a corrosion-resistant, dense, ductile heavy metal known to cause neurological problems. [e]
- Lithium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Li, and atomic number (the number of protons) 3. [e]
- Lymphocyte [r]: Leukocyte originating in lymphoid tissues, fundamental to the immune system, regulating and participating in acquired immunity, with receptor molecules on its surface that bind to a specific antigen. [e]
- Magnesium [r]: The metallic element that has atomic number 12 and belongs to alkaline earth metal group. [e]
- Magnetometer [r]: A scientific instrument used to measure the strength and/or direction of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the instrument. [e]
- Makuleke [r]: The far Northern region of the Kruger National Park, comprising approximately 24,000 hectares of land. [e]
- Manganese [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Mn, and atomic number (the number of protons) 25. [e]
- Mohs' scale [r]: Scale for classifying minerals based on relative hardness, determined by the ability of harder minerals to scratch softer ones, from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond). [e]
- Molybdenum [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Mo, and atomic number (the number of protons) 42. [e]
- NMR spectroscopy [r]: The use of electromagnetic radiation, in the presence of a magnetic field, to obtain information regarding transitions between different nuclear spin states of the nuclei present in the sample of interest. [e]
- Neon [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ne, and atomic number (the number of protons) 10. [e]
- Neptunium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Au, and atomic number (the number of protons) 79. [e]
- Nevada [r]: 36th state of the USA [e]
- Nickel [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ni, and atomic number (the number of protons) 28. [e]
- Niobium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Nb, and atomic number (the number of protons) 41. [e]
- Nitrogen [r]: a chemical element, symbolized by N, whose individual atoms comprise a nucleus of seven protons, i.e,., it has an atomic number, Z = 7. [e]
- Nuclear reactions [r]: The process in which two nuclei or nuclear particles collide to produce products different from the initial particles. [e]
- Nugget [r]: A naturally occurring lump of pure metal. [e]
- Old Testament [r]: The Old Testament is a Christian name for the Hebrew Bible, which is a collection of Hebrew and Aramaic texts sacred to Muslims and especially Jews and Christians. [e]
- Optical Disc [r]: A flat, circular disc which can contain data encoded in microscopic pits (or bumps) on a special material (often aluminum) on one of its flat surfaces. [e]
- Ormus [r]: The un-assayable form of the transition elements. [e]
- Oxidation state [r]: A measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a substance. [e]
- Oxygen [r]: A chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. [e]
- Parsley [r]: Mediterranean aromatic herb (Petroselinum crispum or Apium petroselinum) of the carrot family, cultivated since the days of the Romans for its foliage, used in cookery as a seasoning and garnish. [e]
- Periodic Table of Elements [r]: A tabular method of displaying the chemical elements. [e]
- Peru [r]: A South American nation bordering Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile and Bolivia. [e]
- Phosphorus [r]: Chemical element (Z=15) vital to life and widely used in fertilizers, detergents and pesticides. [e]
- Polonium [r]: A rare and highly unstable radioactive metalloid with the symbol Po and atomic number 84. [e]
- Potassium [r]: A very reactive, silvery white alkali metal, chemical element 19 with symbol K. [e]
- Proto-Indo-Europeans [r]: The hypothetical speakers of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language, a prehistoric people of the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age. [e]
- Radiation chemistry [r]: A subdivision of nuclear chemistry, which is the study of the chemical effects of radiation on matter. [e]
- Refineries [r]: Industrial manufacturing facilities composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations used for the conversion certain raw materials such as petroleum crude oil, mined ores, sugar or salt into finished products of value or for the refining and purification of partially converted raw materials into finished products. [e]
- Rheumatoid arthritis [r]: A chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. [e]
- Ring (jewellery) [r]: An ornamental band of durable material, usually metal, usually worn on the human finger. [e]
- Rubidium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Rb, and atomic number (the number of protons) 37. [e]
- San Francisco [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Scandium [r]: A silvery-white metallic transition metal, with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. [e]
- Selenium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Se, and atomic number (the number of protons) 34. [e]
- Silicon [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Si, and atomic number (the number of protons) 14. [e]
- Silver [r]: A metallic element with the periodic symbol Ag; a precious metal. [e]
- Sodium [r]: A soft, silvery white, highly reactive element which has the symbol Na and atomic number 11. [e]
- South Africa [r]: Add brief definition or description
- South Dakota [r]: One of the 50 states of the United States (statehood 1889, 40th state) located on the Great Plains in north central U.S.; est. population (2008) 804,000. [e]
- Spent nuclear fuel [r]: Nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor (usually at a nuclear power plant) to the point where it is no longer useful in sustaining a nuclear reaction. [e]
- Strontium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Sr, and atomic number (the number of protons) 38. [e]
- Sulfur [r]: A yellowish crystalline chemical element with the symbol S and the atomic number of 16. [e]
- Sun [r]: The star that defines our solar system. [e]
- Technetium [r]: A synthetic chemical element, having the chemical symbol Tc, and atomic number (the number of protons) 43. [e]
- The Call of the Wild [r]: 1903 novel by Jack London about a domestic dog sold to a sled team in Alaska and his struggles to adapt. [e]
- The Three Kings [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Titanium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ti, and atomic number (the number of protons) 22. [e]
- Tycho Brahe [r]: Danish astronomer of the 16th century. [e]
- U.S. customary units [r]: The units of measurement that are currently used in the United States. [e]
- United States of America [r]: A country of North America, north of Mexico, south of Canada. [e]
- Unobtanium [r]: A supposed element created by colfrission with phlogiston while suspended in the ether, according to undiscovered alchemical documents supposedly in a cave in France. [e]
- Uranium [r]: A silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. [e]
- Vandium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Li, and atomic number (the number of protons) 3. [e]
- Wales [r]: A country of the United Kingdom that historically was considered a principality; population about 3,000,000. [e]
- Yttrium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Y, and atomic number (the number of protons) 39. [e]
- Zinc [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Zn, and atomic number (the number of protons) 30. [e]
- Zirconium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Zr, and atomic number (the number of protons) 40. [e]
