Soviet Union > Related Articles

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Contents 1 Parent topics 2 Subtopics 3 Other related topics 4 Bot-suggested topics

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Subtopics

Other related topics

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• Action T4 [r]: Secret program in Nazi Germany in which Adolf Hitler's regime killed up to 250,000 people with disabilities. [e]
• Air assault [r]: Military operations in which infantry are carried by aircraft onto, or very near, the target, or by parachuting. The aircraft may be helicopters, tilt-rotor aircraft, short-landing transports, or, historically, gliders. [e]
• Air operations against North Vietnam [r]: Strategic strike, offensive counter-air, special operations and battlefield air interdiction operations carried out against North Vietnam, 1964-1975, by U.S. forces operating from Thailand, South Korea, Guam, and aircraft carriers [e]
• Albert Einstein [r]: 20th-century physicist who formulated the theories of relativity. [e]
• Ambassador [r]: An individual of the highest diplomatic rank, most commonly the representative of the head of state of his or her government to the head of state of the country to which the ambassador is accredited. [e]
• America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy [r]: A 2006 book by Francis Fukuyama, examining the role of neoconservatism in American foreign policy, its execution by the George W. Bush Administration, and a proposed evolved political philosophy to replace it [e]
• American Foreign Policy Council [r]: A non-profit organization intended to inform world leaders, of or interacting with the United States, of democracy promotion and market economy development; original focus was on the former Soviet Union [e]
• American conservatism [r]: A diverse mix of political ideologies in opposition to liberalism, socialism, secularism and communism. [e]
• Anatoly Marchenko [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov [r]: Leader of the Russian Liberation Movement, Soviet soldiers supporting Germany during World War II. [e]
• Anthony Zinni [r]: A retired U.S. Marine Corps four-star general, whose assignments included heading United States Central Command and serving as a special envoy for the Israel-Palestinian process. He is strongly critical of the George W. Bush Administration and resigned, in protest, from his diplomatic role. [e]
• Apollo Command-Service Module [r]: Three-man spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation, and one of the two spacecraft that were utilized for the Apollo program, along with the Lunar Module, to land astronauts on the Moon. [e]
• Aralsk [r]: Small city (pop. < 40,000) in Kazakhstan and site of an atomic test. [e]
• Ari Babakhanov [r]: An instrumental musician performing Central Asian traditional music, particularly of the Shash maqom style. [e]
• Army National Guard (United States) [r]: Along with the active-duty regular Army and the United States Army Reserve, the third leg of the total forces of the United States Army [e]
• Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs [r]: Principal White House staff adviser on foreign policy and defense matters to the President of the United States, usually coordinating the major agencies; statutory member of the National Security Council and the chief of its staff; the incumbent is James L. Jones [e]
• Atheism [r]: The belief that there is no God, or there are no gods; on a popular usage, the mere lack of any belief in any God or gods also qualifies as atheism, though philosophers more often call this agnosticism. [e]
• Atmospheric reentry [r]: The movement of human-made or natural objects as they enter the atmosphere of a planet from outer space, in the case of Earth from an altitude above the 'edge of space.' [e]
• Australia [r]: Continent in the Southern Hemisphere and the federal parliamentary nation that occupies it. [e]
• Averell Harriman [r]: American diplomat who served as Asistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs between 1961 and 1963, and then headed the overt U.S. delegation to the Paris Peace Talks while the serious secret negotiations took place between Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho. Known as "the alligator" for his approach to discussion inside the U.S. government. [e]
• Azerbaijan [r]: A country variously considered part of Central Asia or Southwestern Asia, with a shore on the Caspian Sea, major borders with Iran and Russia, a tense border with Armenia and a small European portion north of the Caucasus Mountains [e]
• B-29 Superfortress (bomber) [r]: The heaviest bomber aircraft of the Second World War, used by the United States to attack the Japanese home islands, at very long range; delivered nuclear weapons to Hiroshima and Nagasaki [e]
• Bagram Airport [r]: A large airport, near Kabul, Afghanistan, with extensive military facilities. [e]
• Bangladesh [r]: Country in southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India. [e]
• Belarus [r]: A landlocked country in Eastern Europe. [e]
• Berlin Blockade [r]: The period, from June 24, 1948 to May 11, 1949, when the Soviet Union cut all land routes to Berlin [e]
• Blackwell Synergy [r]: A commercial online database of scholarly articles published by Blackwell, Wiley and others. [e]
• CIA activities in Chile [r]: Add brief definition or description
• CIA activities in Europe and Russia [r]: Add brief definition or description
• CIA activities in Iraq [r]: Add brief definition or description
• CIA activities in the Middle East and South Asia [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Cambodia [r]: A country of Southeast Asia, on the Gulf of Thailand, sharing borders with Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos [e]
• Canadian sports [r]: Sports with significant popularity in Canada. [e]
• Center for Strategic and International Studies [r]: A bipartisan U.S. think tank that does research and policy recommendations in international affairs, headquartered in Washington, D.C. [e]
• Central Asia [r]: A geographic area with many definitions, one common one based on the newly independent, predominantly Muslim republics of the former Soviet Union [e]
• Chemistry [r]: The science of matter, or of the electrical or electrostatical interactions of matter. [e]
• Chernobyl Disaster [r]: A nuclear reactor accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, in 1986, considered to be the worst nuclear power plant disaster in history and the only level 7 instance on the International Nuclear Event Scale. [e]
• Clandestine human-source intelligence and covert action [r]: Intelligence and military special operations functions that either should be completely secret (i.e., clandestine: the existence of which is not known outside the relevant government circles), or simply cannot be linked to the sponsor (i.e., covert: it is known that sabotage is taking place, but its sponsor is unknown). [e]
• Clandestine human-source intelligence recruiting [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Clandestine human-source intelligence [r]: clandestine operations by people who secretly collect intelligence, and their support by couriers, forgers, radio operators, and other pperational personnel. [e]
• Classified information [r]: Material collected or created by a government that is subject to limitations on its release to the general public and may have penalties for its unauthorized release. [e]
• Close air support [r]: Weapons delivered, by aircraft, in close proximity to friendly forces that are in contact with enemy forces; direct support of ground combat requiring extreme care to avoid fratricide [e]
• Cold War [r]: Geostrategic, economic and ideological struggle from about 1947 to 1991 between the Soviet Union and the United States and their allies. [e]
• Comintern [r]: Also known as the Third International or the Communist International, a world Communist organization, under effective Soviet control, which existed from 1919 to 1943 [e]
• Committee for State Security [r]: Usually known as the KGB, one of Organs of State Security of the Soviet Union, with extensive responsibilities in intelligence (information gathering), border security, counterintelligence and suppression of dissent; split up in the Russian Federation with counterintelligence in the FSB and foreign intelligence in the SVR [e]
• Communism [r]: A political ideology, and also a system of government, according to which the means of production (including all large business concerns) should be controlled by the government. [e]
• Conspiracy theory [r]: Belief that a covert and deceptive organization or people is responsible for important world events, and that these people are hiding their own involvement, acting from behind the scenes and spreading misinformation. [e]
• Constituent country [r]: A constituent country is a country that is part of a larger entity, such as the constituent countries of the United Kingdom (where the United Kingdom is the sovereign state). [e]
• Containment policy [r]: A U.S. foreign policy doctrine of the Cold War, begun in 1947, focusing on keeping Communist nations "contained" from further expansion, rather than direct confrontation [e]
• Counterintelligence [r]: Countermeasures to foreign intelligence organizations collecting intelligence against one's own side. [e]
• Countervalue [r]: A military targeting doctrine, first articulated in the context of nuclear warfare but not restricted to it, in which the attacker plans to attacks civilian populations, and to destroy the enemy industrial capability [e]
• Covert action [r]: Any of a range of activities, intended to affect the behavior of a target nation or non-national actor, where the fact of the action is known, but the responsibility for the action cannot be proven. [e]
• Cyrillic alphabet [r]: The alphabet used for a number of languages, mostly Slavonic ones, including Russian, Bulgarian and Serbian. [e]
• Department of National Defence (Canada) [r]: The Canadian cabinet department responsible for the uniformed Canadian Forces, departmental agencies, and several organizations (e.g., search and rescue) that may or may not be part of the regular military of some other nations. [e]
• Detente [r]: A transition of the view of U.S. foreign policy from the Cold War model to one based on "realism", and a balance of power among the U.S., U.S.S.R., and China; most associated with Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger [e]
• Director of Central Intelligence [r]: Formerly, the U.S. official that headed both the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States intelligence community; the responsibility is now split between the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (currently Leon Panetta) and the Director of National Intelligence (currently Dennis Blair) [e]
• Dmitry Medvedev [r]: Add brief definition or description
• EBSCO [r]: Privately-held American corporation that manufactures various products (such as fishing lures) and is best known for electronic publishing for libraries. [e]
• Edward Teller [r]: (January 15, 1908 - September 9, 2003) One of the most controversial scientists of the 20th century because of his role as the main developer of the hydrogen bomb, his outspoken defense of an unassailable nuclear arsenal, and support for President Reagan's Strategic Defensive Initiative. [e]
• Elbridge Durbrow [r]: (1904-1997) United States Ambassador to the Republic of Vietnam (1957 - 1961), career diplomat and Foreign Service Officer. [e]
• Estonia [r]: Baltic republic (population c. 1.3 million; capital Tallinn) bordered by Latvia to the south and the Russian Federation to the east; it includes more than 1500 islands, and its people are more closely related to the Finns than those of the other Baltic states, Latvia and Lithuania. [e]
• Europe [r]: Sixth largest continent; area 10,000,000 km²; pop. 720,000,000 [e]
• Extrajudicial detention, Soviet Union [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Extrajudicial detention, U.S. [r]: Situations where the Executive Branch of the United States government has detained individuals without the authority of the judicial branch of government; there have been many cases going back to through the early history of the nation, sometimes during overt war, and, perhaps better known at present, directed against non-national threats. [e]
• FSB [r]: In the Russian Federation, the domestic counterintelligence organizations, many of whose functions were inherited from the Second Chief Directorate of the Soviet Committee for State Security (KGB) [e]
• Fall of South Vietnam [r]: The result of a series of conventional military actions by the People's Army of Viet Nam, under the direction of the Politburo of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which led to the dissolution of the Republic of Vietnam and the reunification of North and South Vietnam into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam [e]
• Federal Bureau of Investigation [r]: The principal U.S. Federal police agency, part of the U.S. Department of Justice and the United States intelligence community, who has arrest authority, and is the primary authority for a variety of domestic crimes, civilian counterespionage within the United States, and organized crime [e]
• French support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war [r]: French technical assistance and sales of military and dual-use equipment, beginning in approximately 1975, to Iraq, and continuing through the Iran-Iraq War; France and the Soviet Union were the leading military suppliers to Iraq [e]
• Félix d'Hérelle [r]: (1873 – 1949) - A French-Canadian bacteriologist, and the discoverer of bacteriophages. [e]
• GOST cipher [r]: A Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher; also based on this block cipher is the GOST hash function. [e]
• GRU [r]: Military intelligence agency of the Soviet Union and then Russian Federation [e]
• George Kennan [r]: United States diplomat, authority on Soviet thinking, and head of the Policy Planning Staff of the United States Department of State. [e]
• Gerald Ford [r]: (1913-2006) The 38th President of the United States (1974-77), the first not elected as either president or vice-president. [e]
• German Resistance [r]: Individuals and groups in Nazi Germany who opposed the regime of Adolf Hitler between 1933 and 1945. [e]
• Germany [r]: Federal republic in central Europe (population c. 82.4 million; capital Berlin), with the North Sea, Denmark and the Baltic Sea to the north; Poland and the Czech Republic to the east; France, Switzerland and Austria to the south; and Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west; founding member of the European Union. [e]
• Gestapo [r]: The secret political police force of Nazi Germany, a state rather than party organization, reporting both to the SS (Party) and Ministry of the Interior (State) [e]
• Harold Macmillan [r]: (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) British Conservative prime minister of the United Kingdom, serving two terms between 1957 to 1963. [e]
• Heinrich Himmler [r]: German Nazi leader, head of the Schutzstaffel (SS) party elite, which included the WVHA that ran the concentration camps and much of the Nazi economy, the RSHA security apparatus including the Gestapo and SD, and the fanatical Waffen SS combat troops; committed suicide after being captured at the end of World War II [e]
• Heinrich Müller [r]: Direct commander of the Nazi Gestapo; only major war criminal whose post-WWII status was never officially confirmed [e]
• Henry Kissinger [r]: (1923—) American academic, diplomat, and simultaneously Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration; promoted realism (foreign policy) and détente with China and the Soviet Union; shared 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for ending the Vietnam War; Director, Atlantic Council [e]
• Herschel Grynszpan [r]: (1921—1940s) German political assassin and Jewish victim of The Holocaust. [e]
• History Cooperative [r]: A nonprofit humanities database resource offering top-level online history scholarship. [e]
• History of U.S. foreign policy [r]: Add brief definition or description
• History of television technology [r]: Chronology of the development and history of television. [e]
• Ho Chi Minh [r]: Vietnamese communist and nationalist leader and revolutionary (1890–1969); president of North Vietnam 1946–1969. [e]
• Immanuel Kant [r]: (1724–1804) German idealist and Enlightenment philosopher who tried to transcend empiricism and rationalism in the Critique of Pure Reason. [e]
• Indochinese revolution [r]: The period, within the Wars of Vietnam, 1858-1987, between which France reasserted its colonial authority over Indochina in 1945, created a proto-state of Vietnam under a provisional government druing which there was increasing insurgency, fought conventionally combat with the Viet Minh starting in 1950, and ended in 1954. The end, militarily, involved the defeat of French forces at Dien Bien Phu and. politically, with the creation of North Vietnam and South Vietnam by the Geneva accords [e]
• Information operations [r]: The integrated employment of the core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer network operations, psychological operations, military deception, and operations security. [e]
• International Astronomical Union [r]: Internationally recognized authority for assigning designations to celestial bodies (stars, planets, asteroids, etc), headquartered in Paris, France. [e]
• International Mathematical Olympiad [r]: Annual mathematics contest for high school students from across the world. [e]
• Jean Sainteny [r]: A French businessman, Resistance officer, politician and diplomat, who was was a trusted intermediary among many Vietnamese and French factions; he was the host for the 1969 secret peace talks between the U.S. and Democratic Republic of Vietnam [e]
• John F. Kennedy [r]: American politician (1917-1963); president 1961-1963; assassinated in Dallas. [e]
• John McCain [r]: (1936–) Republican Senator from Arizona (1986–) and the Republican presidential candidate in 2008; ranking minority member, Senate Armed Services Committee; member ex officio, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence; Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction [e]
• John Steinbeck [r]: (1902–1968) One of the best known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century; wrote Grapes of Wrath. [e]
• Joseph Goebbels [r]: German propaganda minister under Hitler. [e]
• Joseph Stalin [r]: (1878 - 1953) The head of Russia's Communist ("Bolshevik") party and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death. [e]
• Julius Axelrod [r]: (30 May 1912 – 29 December 2004) American biochemist whose work was influential in the development of pharmaceuticals. [e]
• Kaliningrad [r]: City in Russia, the capital of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania. [e]
• Kathleen Troia McFarland [r]: Republican/conservative television and radio news commentator; contributing editor, Family Security Foundation; advisor, Foundation for Defense of Democracies; Republican Senate candidate against Hillary Clinton; member; Council on Foreign Relations; National Security Council research assistant to Henry Kissinger; staff, U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services; board, Jamestown Foundation [e]
• Kazakhstan [r]: A landlocked central Asian nation, formerly part of the Soviet Union, bordered by China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan [e]
• Khanh Hoa Province [r]: On the coast of Vietnam, a province that contained major combat and support bases during the Vietnam War, and forms a key transportation corridor for economic development [e]
• Kirov-class [r]: Renamed the Admiral Ushakov-class under the Russian Federation, a Soviet class of large missile cruisers, probably the most potent surface warships built since WWII (excluding aircraft carriers) [e]
• Korean language [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Kyiv [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Kyrgyzstan [r]: A landlocked central Asian nation, formerly part of the Soviet Union [e]
• Labor Unions, U.S., History [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Laos, History [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Latvia [r]: Small republic (population c. 2.3 million; capital Riga) on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea; lies between Estonia and Lithuania, with Russian Federation and Belorussia to the east. [e]
• Le Duc Tho [r]: A member of the Politburo of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, who was the true, not public, senior negotiator at the Paris Peace Talks, although listed as "special adviser" [e]
• Licensing parents [r]: An idea for controlling the quality or quantity of a population. [e]
• Lithuania [r]: Former Soviet republic (population c. 3.6 million; capital Vilnius) bordered by Latvia, Belorussia, Poland and the Russian Federation, and with a short coastline on the Baltic Sea. [e]
• Main Intelligence Administration of the General Staff [r]: More commonly known by the initials of its Romanized Russian name,Glavnoye Razvedovatel'noye Upravlenie (GRU), the national military organization of both the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, roughly comparable in mission (but not methods) to the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency [e]
• Manning Clark [r]: Australian historian; author of the six-volume History of Australia, published 1962-1987. [e]
• Margaret Thatcher [r]: The first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, famous for her free market views and for successfully waging the Falklands War, frequently called the "Iron Lady". [e]
• Marlies Göhr [r]: (21 March 1958) Record-breaking East German sprinter who won the 100 m at the inaugural World Championships in 1983, defeating arch rival Evelyn Ashford. [e]
• Mars (planet) [r]: The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system; named after the Roman god of war; also known as the "Red Planet". [e]
• Maxim Gorky [r]: (1868-1936) Russian novelist who promoted "Socialist Realism", the official school of Soviet literature and art. [e]
• Mikhail Gorbachev [r]: (1931—) Last leader of the Soviet Union, appointed in 1985. [e]
• Minsk [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Moldova [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Mongolia [r]: A country of Northern Asia, which, with the Chinese autonomous region of Inner Mongolia, was the origin of the Mongol Empire of Genghiz Khan [e]
• Moon [r]: The only natural satellite of our planet, Earth. [e]
• N1 rocket [r]: Secret Soviet rocket intended to send Soviet cosmonauts to the Moon, which was cancelled in 1976 after a series of launch failures. [e]
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration [r]: Independent agency of the U.S. government responsible for the nation's public space program. [e]
• National Interest (magazine) [r]: An online and quarterly print publication on international affairs, broadly from the perspective of neoconservatism [e]
• National Security Act of 1947 [r]: Core of legislation that restructured the U.S. military from its traditional structure of a separate Army and Navy, creating the United States Air Force, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the predecessor to the U.S. Department of Defense [e]
• National Security Agency [r]: An organization within the United States Department of Defense, with the dual roles of the principal signals intelligence agency in the United States intelligence community, but also having the responsibility for information assurance of military, diplomatic, and other critical communications. [e]
• National Security Council [r]: Both the senior foreign policy committee of principal officers of the executive branch of the United States of America, chaired by the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and, by extension, the professional staff reporting to the Assistant [e]
• National intelligence organizations [r]: Organizations for intelligence collection and analysis, which are responsive to overall national needs rather than to the needs of a specific military service or specific mission (e.g., terrorism); they may, however, be oriented to specific collection or analysis disciplines [e]
• New Zealand [r]: Country in Oceania, in the South Pacific and belonging to the Commonwealth. [e]
• Nobel Peace Prize [r]: One of five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel, awarded for fraternity between nations, and promotion of peace. [e]
• North Korea [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Nuclear weapon [r]: A weapon that produces extremely powerful explosions from principles involving subatomic particle reactions, rather than the chemical reactions among atoms that power conventional explosives [e]
• Oligarchy [r]: A form of government in which political power is vested in a small group or faction [e]
• Operation Bolo [r]: An offensive counter-air operation, sometimes called a fighter sweep, in which a formation of aircraft, looking like bombers and escorts, flew into North Vietnam to invite fighter attack; the attackers discovered that the "bombers" were actually air superiority fighters [e]
• Operation LINEBACKER II [r]: The most intense air campaign of the Vietnam War, directed against North Vietnam to force it back to the Paris Peace Talks; a peace agreement was signed one month after the start of the 11 days of attacks [e]
• Operation LINEBACKER I [r]: A U.S. bombing campaign targeted against the specific North Vietnamese infrastructure of the Ho Chi Minh trail, with the operational-level goal of interrupting the supply line to People's Army of Viet Nam conventional troops in the South. [e]
• Organs of State Security [r]: A generic term for Soviet intelligence and internal security organizations, from the Cheka to the KGB; traditionally a third of the power balance among the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Red Army; term continues in Russian usage with the FSB [e]
• Osama bin Laden [r]: A radical jihadist who founded, with Ayman al-Zawahiri, a group known as al-Qaeda, which is credited with a series of terrorist attacks. [e]
• Oswald Spengler [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Panthera tigris (Tiger) [r]: Large carnivorous feline mammal of Asia, having a tawny coat with transverse black stripes, a member of the Felidae family, and the largest of the four 'big cats' in the genus Panthera. [e]
• Paris Peace Talks [r]: Secret bilateral preparatory talks between the U.S. and North Vietnam, formal meetings including the Republic of Vietnam and Viet Cong, walkouts from negotiations, and return to the table after military force, resulted in a formal document signing on January 28, 1973. [e]
• Peshawar [r]: Capital of Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province near the Afghanistan border; in the midst of Taliban insurgency [e]
• Pham Van Dong [r]: Early Indochinese revolutionary, and then Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North) and the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam for 30 years [e]
• Political philosophy [r]: Branch of philosophy that deals with fundamental questions about politics. [e]
• Polycentrism [r]: The principle of organisation of a region around several political, social or financial centres. [e]
• Power (disambiguation) [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Private (military rank) [r]: The lowest rank in most Armies of the world [e]
• Project Apollo [r]: A human spaceflight program undertaken by NASA during the years 1961–1975 with the goal of conducting manned moon landing missions. [e]
• Project Muse [r]: A subscription-based academic journals site operated by the Johns Hopkins University Press. [e]
• Pseudostate [r]: A term put forward by the author and journalist Adam Hochschild to refer to political states or regions where power rests with a government or organisation either outside the country or in some way unaccountable - for example, a local militia. [e]
• RAND Corporation [r]: Among the oldest of think tanks, established by the fledgling United States Air Force to provide alternate perspectives on its concepts; now broadened to working on an extremely wide range of politicomilitary and social issues [e]
• Railroad [r]: Technology that allows vehicles to travel on networks of fixed rails. [e]
• Reagan Doctrine [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Realism (foreign policy) [r]: A concept, in foreign policy, that actors can cooperate on matters of common external concern, without attempting to reform one anothers' internal structures [e]
• Richard Armitage [r]: A U.S. foreign policy specialist, first a U.S. Navy officer in the Vietnam War, who rose to positions including Deputy Secretary of State in the first term of the George W. Bush Administration; board, International Crisis Group [e]
• Richard Helms [r]: The first U.S. career intelligence officer to become Director of Central Intelligence (1966-1973); also the only former Director ever convicted of a crime (arguably a technical one) directly related to his official duties [e]
• Richard Nixon [r]: American politician (1913–1994); President of the United States 1969–1974. Known for ending the Vietnam War and for the Watergate scandal. [e]
• Richard Pipes [r]: Professor Emeritus of Russian History, Harvard University; involved in numerous U.S. strategic studies of Soviet power; speaker for Heritage Foundation and Hoover Institution, member, Council on Foreign Relations; father of Mideast specialist Daniel Pipes [e]
• Robert A. Taft [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Ronald Reagan [r]: Ronald Reagan was the 40th president of the United States. [e]
• Russian Liberation Movement [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Russian language [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Russia [r]: A country in northern Eurasia, with an area of 17 million km² currently the largest on our planet. [e]
• SR-71 Blackbird [r]: An advanced, long-range, Mach 3 strategic reconnaissance aircraft developed from the Lockheed YF-12A and A-12 aircraft by the Lockheed Skunk Works. [e]
• Samantha Smith [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Satellite [r]: An object that travels in orbit around a more massive body. [e]
• Secret Intelligence Service [r]: Britain's national-level civilian organization for intelligence and covert action [e]
• Security Service [r]: British domestic counterintelligence service, without police powers [e]
• Single Integrated Operational Plan [r]: The U.S. plan and doctrine for the use of nuclear weapons in a large campaign, prepared for all services by the United States Strategic Command, based on Joint Chiefs of Staff guidance [e]
• Solar system [r]: The sun and the planets orbiting it. [e]
• Soviet legacy [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Soviet support for Iran during the Iran-Iraq War [r]: Soviet efforts to maintain a positive relationship during and after the Iran-Iraq War; they regarded Iran as more strategically important than Iraq [e]
• Soviet support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War [r]: Soviet technical assistance and sales of military and dual-use equipment, beginning in approximately 1975, to Iraq, and continuing through the Iran-Iraq War; the Soviet Union and France were the leading military suppliers to Iraq [e]
• Space Race [r]: A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union, which lasted roughly from 1957 to 1975. [e]
• Space law [r]: Area of the law that encompasses national and international law governing activities in outer space, developed since the first launching (1957) by humans of a satellite into space. [e]
• Spanish Civil War [r]: (1936-1939) War between Francisco Franc's Loyalist forces against the leftist Republican government of Spain. [e]
• Sputnik [r]: Series of robotic spacecraft missions launched by the Soviet Union, the first of these, Sputnik 1, launched the first human-made object to orbit the Earth, which took place on 4 October 1957. [e]
• Strategic Air Command [r]: A former major headquarters of the United States Air Force, whose planning and contingency operations are now part of United States Strategic Command, while its aircraft readiness is under Air Combat Command and its missile readiness under Air Force Space Command [e]
• Superpower [r]: In international relations, the most powerful nation(s). During the cold war, the United States and Soviet Union were recognized superpowers. Since the breakup of the Soviet empire, some believe the U.S. is the only remaining superpower, or that China is rapidly rising to superpower status. [e]
• Tajik alphabet [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Tajikistan [r]: Bordered by Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, a landlocked, predominantly Muslim, nation of Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union [e]
• Tajik [r]: An ethnic group of Central Asia, culturally Persian and speaking the Dari dialect of Farsi; they are the dominant group of Tajikistan and the second largest ethnic group of Afghanistan [e]
• Tbilisi [r]: The capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mtkvari (Kura) River. [e]
• Terrorism [r]: Any act, nearly always violent, unpredictable, and chaotic in nature, often targetting civilians, intended to create an atmosphere of fear in order to obtain a political objective. [e]
• The End of History and the Last Man [r]: An argument, by Francis Fukuyama, that universal history, through the forces of "the logic of modern science" and the "struggle for recognition" make liberal democracy a natural end state of historical development. [e]
• The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy [r]: A controversial book by two American academics, suggesting that the relationship between the United States and Israel is dysfunctional, but affected by a loose but politically powerful set of interest groups in both countries [e]
• The Two Vietnams after Geneva [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Tigran Petrosian [r]: Armenian / Soviet chess player (1929-84) who was noted for his stubborn defensive playing style; world champion 1963-69. [e]
• Torture [r]: The infliction of mental or physical pain, for punishment or as an interrogation technique. [e]
• Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [r]: The principal worldwide agreement for controlling the spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons technology, without inhibiting the peaceful use of nuclear energy [e]
• Truman Doctrine [r]: A policy set forth by U.S. President Harry S. Truman in 1947 of giving Greece and Turkey economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. [e]
• Turkmenistan [r]: Once a constituent part of the Soviet Union, now an independent Central Asian nation neighboring Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and with coast on the Caspian Sea [e]
• U.S. Department of State [r]: Agency of the executive branch of the U.S. government responsible for foreign policy and the conduct of American diplomacy. [e]
• U.S. Republican Party [r]: One of two major contemporary political parties in the United States; center-right; the elephant is its symbol [e]
• U.S. foreign policy [r]: The foreign relations and diplomacy of the United States since 1775. [e]
• U.S. intelligence and transnational crime and drugs [r]: Activities of the United States intelligence community that are concerned with transnational crime and the drug trade, beyond the jurisdiction of domestic law enforcement [e]
• U.S. support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War [r]: Technological aid, intelligence, the sale of dual-use and military equipment, but no direct combat against Iran, in the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War [e]
• U.S. support to South Vietnam before Gulf of Tonkin [r]: A period of overt advisory and combat support by the U.S. to South Vietnam, from roughly 1962 to mid-1964 [e]
• U.S.-Iran Hostilities during the Iran-Iraq War [r]: Sometimes called the Tanker War, but also including retaliatory strikes on Iranian oil platfors and vessels, the shooting down of Iran Air Flight 655, and countermeasures to Iranian mining of international waters [e]
• USS Yancey (AKA-93) [r]: Serving in WWII, an attack cargo ship [e]
• United States Secretary of State [r]: The senior cabinet officer of the United States, responsible for the conduct of diplomacy, currently Hillary Clinton [e]
• United States Strategic Command [r]: The U.S. unified headquarters for the missions of worldwide nuclear and conventional precision strike; command, control, communications, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance in support of strategic operations; global network operations of the Global Information Grid, information operations, ballistic missile defense, and reduction of Weapons of Mass Destruction threats [e]
• United States of America [r]: A country of North America, north of Mexico, south of Canada. [e]
• Urban-type settlement [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Uzbekistan [r]: Previously part of the Soviet Union, a landlocked, predominantly Muslim nation of Central Asia, with Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan as neighbors [e]
• Uzbek [r]: An ethnic group of Central Asia, speaking a Turkic language [e]
• VENONA [r]: A long-running and highly secret collaboration between intelligence agencies of the United States and United Kingdom that involved the cryptanalysis of messages sent by several intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union. [e]
• Viet Minh [r]: A short name for the Communist-dominated national revolutionary movement that overthrew the colonial government of French Indochina [e]
• Vietnam War [r]: A post-colonial independence/Cold War conflict between communist North Vietnam against South Vietnam, assisted by the United States (1955-1975), to unify Vietnam; won by North Vietnam in 1975. [e]
• Vietnamization [r]: A policy, formalized by name in the Nixon Administration but reflecting earlier U.S. thinking, of making the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam primarily responsible for conventional ground combat, in South Vietnam, during the Vietnam War [e]
• Vladimir Putin [r]: Former President of and current Prime Minister of Russia; leader of United Russia party; KGB officer in the Soviet era [e]
• Volga Tatar language [r]: Turkic language mainly spoken in Tatarstan by Volga Tatar people. [e]
• Volga Tatar people [r]: A widespread ethnic group located mainly in Tatarstan, Russia, and nearby autonomous republics such as Bashkortostan, Udmurtiya, and Mordovia. [e]
• WVHA [r]: The economic and administrative organization of Nazi Germany's SS, whose responsibilities included the actual operation of concentration camps [e]
• Walter Bedell Smith [r]: General in the United States Army, who was chief of staff to Dwight D. Eisenhower as the allied commander of the European Theater of Operations in the Second World War. After the war, he served as Ambassador to the Soviet Union, Director of Central Intelligence and Undersecretary of State. [e]
• Walter Reuther [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Wannsee Conference [r]: Nazi meeting in January 1942 to plan the killing of 11 million Jews of Europe, now known as the Holocaust. [e]
• Wars of Afghanistan [r]: Wars of Afghanistan from the 19th century to the present [e]
• Wars of Vietnam [r]: The broad context of warfare in the modern area of Vietnam, of which the Vietnam War (1962-1975) is best known, but involves colonization, Japanese occupation, decolonization, and post-1975 but related warfare among Vietnam, Cambodia and China [e]
• Washington Institute for Near East Policy [r]: A think tank on the Middle East, founded with American Israel Public Affairs Committee sponsorship, although considered reasonably objective until the neoconservative push toward U.S. military intervention; still remained more fact-oriented than some more ideologically based groups [e]
• West Berlin [r]: The city, consisting of the American, British and French sectors of Berlin, which existed from 1945 to 1990. [e]
• Wilhelm von Leeb [r]: A Field Marshal of the regular army of Nazi Germany, although himself quite openly anti-Nazi. He did receive a three-year sentence for crimes against civilians in the invasion of the Soviet Union. [e]
• Xuan Thuy [r]: Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam between 1963 and 1965; official head of the North Vietnamese delegation to the Paris Peace Talks but really subordinate to Le Duc Tho. [e]
• Zaza Pachulia [r]: Add brief definition or description