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- 2008-2009 Gaza conflict [r]: Add brief definition or description
- 4.5"-55 caliber Mark 8 gun [r]: A redesigned British naval gun intended to have a higher rate of fire than its Mark 6 predecessor, but whose Mark 0 first version suffered from jamming during the Falklands War; the current Mark 1 has substantial changes and is replacing Mark 0s. [e]
- 5"-54 caliber gun [r]: Until the introduction of the 5"-62 caliber gun, the primary medium naval gun of U.S. warships after the Second World War [e]
- AH-1 Cobra [r]: The first purpose-built U.S. attack helicopter, introduced by the U.S. Army in the Vietnam War; the U.S. Marine Corps still operates a much-modified version [e]
- Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System [r]: A U.S. Army and Marine artillery fire control system that cooperates with Navy and Air Force fire control systems, as well as British, French, Italian and German artillery systems. [e]
- Aerospace engineering [r]: The branch of engineering that concerns aircraft, spacecraft, and related topics. [e]
- Aerospace [r]: With the development of operations extending beyond the earth's atmosphere, a more general term than air warfare [e]
- Air defense artillery [r]: A combat arms branch of the United States Army, responsible for defending ground forces and the continental United States against aircraft and missile attack [e]
- Air, artillery and missile defense [r]: An integrated approach to defending surface forces against all types of weapons that fly through the atmosphere or space; a radar may detect artillery shells, helicopters, or missiles, while a close-in gun may shoot down any of them [e]
- Aircraft carrier [r]: A warship designed to launch and recover combat aircraft. [e]
- Anti-aircraft artillery [r]: A general term for guns that can elevate to high angles and shoot accurately at aircraft, using visual, electro-optical, or radar guidance. [e]
- Anti-shipping missile [r]: An air, surface (sea or land), or submarine-launched missile that can track and intercept a maneuvering ship target against the background of moving water [e]
- Anti-submarine warfare [r]: (ASW) In the context of naval warfare, the mission of attacking underwater vessels, from platforms under naval command and control. [e]
- Anti-tank missile [r]: A air-to-surface or surface-to-surface missile, optimized to defeat the most heavily armored tanks by such measures as attacking the thinnest armor, or using dual warheads to defeat reactive armor [e]
- Anti-tank warfare [r]: The practice of measures, on or adjacent to the battlefield, to damage or destroy armored fighting vehicles including tanks, or to interfere with the ability of those vehicles to move on that battlefield [e]
- Anti-tank weapon [r]: A guided or unguided weapon intended to penetrate armored fighting vehicles; may be a cannon-fired projectile, unguided rocket, gravity bomb, cluster submunition or land mine, or other means of disabling or destroying the target [e]
- Antitank cluster submunition [r]: Individual weapons, released by a cluster munition, which only threaten armored fighting vehicles and will not be detonated by individuals. They may make immediate attacks, or create a temporary antitank minefield [e]
- Armed helicopter [r]: A helicopter that can be configured to carry troops or cargo only, light weapons and troops, or possibly a heavier ammunition load with still-removable weapons. [e]
- Armored fighting vehicle [r]: A military vehicle that is both protected against blast and fragments, and either has offensive weapons or directly supports combat by vehicles with offensive weapons [e]
- Artillery [r]: Crew-served military devices for propelling payloads over distance [e]
- Atlas (missile) [r]: The first operational intercontinental ballistic missile fielded by the United States, derivatives of which are still used as space launch vehicles [e]
- Atmosphere [r]: The layers of gas surrounding stars and planets. [e]
- Atmospheric reentry [r]: The movement of human-made or natural objects as they enter the atmosphere of a planet from outer space, in the case of Earth from an altitude above the 'edge of space.' [e]
- Attack helicopter [r]: A helicopter equipped with built-in heavy weapons, which has no standard cargo capacity and is used as a "flying tank" in close air support or battlefield air interdiction. [e]
- Battle of Iwo Jima [r]: An exceptionally vicious battle, fought in February 1945, which solidified the U.S. strategic bombing of Japan by providing a closer island base, which both could support P-51 escort fighters and provide an emergency landing field for damage B-29 bombers [e]
- Battle of the Ia Drang [r]: First divisional-scale battle involving helicopter-borne air assault troops, with U.S. forces against those of North Vietnam [e]
- Cannon [r]: Sizable crew-served weapons, which fire projectiles through a tube called a barrel. [e]
- Circular error probability [r]: The most common metric of how close to a target a weapon will strike: the radius of a circle, centered on the mean impact point, in which half the projectiles of that weapon will hit [e]
- Cluster munition [r]: A military weapon, fired or dropped from another weapon, that releases smaller submunitions that cause the actual destructive effect [e]
- Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons [r]: A treaty limiting the use not of weapons of mass destruction, but of types considered especially inhumane to individuals [e]
- Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction [r]: A treaty banning the manufacture, stockpiling, and use of those antipersonnel land mines of the greatest risk to civilians [e]
- Counter-rocket, artillery and mortar [r]: Military equipment and techniques to detect unguided rockets, artillery shells, and mortar rounds in flight, warn friendly forces that are threatened, and, with new methods, intercept and destroy the projectiles before they can do damage [e]
- Dien Bien Phu [r]: Site in northern Vietnam of a 1954 decisive battle that soon forced France to relinquish control of colonial Indochina. [e]
- Direct fire [r]: A military term for battlefield weapons fired with a direct line of sight on their target; projectile weapons actually fire in a parabolic trajectory that approximates a straight line for short distances [e]
- Engineering [r]: The profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to economically use the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. [e]
- Eurocopter Tiger [r]: Made by EADS, a light attack helicopter, used for armed reconnaissance, for countries including Australia, France, Germany and Spain [e]
- F-18 Hornet [r]: A relatively lightweight carrier-capable multirole fighter, developed by the United States Navy and used by several nations, including Canada, in land-based roles; a fourth-generation fighter gradually being replaced by the F-18E/F Super Hornet, and then the F-35. [e]
- F-18 Super Hornet [r]: A new generation of carrier-based fighter beyond the F-18 Hornet, this evolution provides an architecture with even greater expansion, especially with the AN/APG-79 AESA radar, more powerful computers and communications, and a new engine with longer range. [e]
- FGM-148 Javelin [r]: A shoulder-fired, "fire and forget" missile using thermal viewing in the control unit and seeker, the missile has selectable pop-up anti-tank and direct fire (i.e., against buildings) flight modes [e]
- Fire and forget [r]: A precision-guided munition that needs no guidance information from its launching platform once released [e]
- Fission device [r]: An assembly of components, not necessarily in a form usable as a weapon, which will produce a large energy release through nuclear fission [e]
- Forward observer [r]: An individual or team, specializing in artillery, who accompanies ground troops and directs indirect fire artillery in support of those ground troops [e]
- Fusion device [r]: An explosive device, whether used as a weapon or for other purposes, which depends for most of its explosive power on the release of energy by combining atomic nuclei [e]
- Gaza Strip [r]: 26-mile-long Middle Eastern coastal region long the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt and Israel; population about 1.4 million Palestinian people, governed by Hamas since June 2007. [e]
- Guided missile [r]: A weapon that flies through air or space, under its own power, which adjusts its course to hit its target. [e]
- Hawker Hurricane (fighter) [r]: The first monoplane fighter in British service, this aircraft, as opposed to the better-known Supermarine Spitfire, was the main killer of German bombers in the Battle of Britain; it moved afterwards to ground attack roles [e]
- Hezbollah [r]: An Islamist and Shi'a group, centered in Lebanon, which has conducted terrorism there and worldwide, but also acts a shadow government and provides public services [e]
- Hit-to-kill [r]: The infliction of damage by a weapon, which does not depend on other than mechanical energy transfer. At the low end, it can be as simple as a bullet hitting a nonmoving target, and at the high end, it can include the immense energies of a collision between an incoming ballistic missile and an intercept vehicle. It is a subset of kinetic kill, which includes explosives and other physically destructive "hard kill" mechanisms. [e]
- Hydra 70 rocket [r]: A family of 70mm (2.75") unguided rockets, which can be fitted with a wide range of warheads, used by all U.S. military services and for export; they are principally helicopter weapons but can be used on fixed-wing aircraft [e]
- Indirect fire [r]: Weapons fire that is fired in an arc such that the projectile rises above the target elevation and descends to hit the target [e]
- Iraq and weapons of mass destruction [r]: Threats, development programs and actual use, of weapons of mass destruction by Iraq, from the 1970s through the Iraq War [e]
- Israeli Defense Forces [r]: The combined ground, air, and naval armed forces of the state of Israel [e]
- Joint warfare in South Vietnam 1964-1968 [r]: The period of the Vietnam War in which large numbers of foreign ground troops, primarily but not exclusively U.S., allied with the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam against the People's Army of Viet Nam and the Viet Cong [e]
- Katyusha rocket [r]: Specifically a Soviet Second World War area bombardment unguided rocket fired from truck-mounted multiple rocket launchers; generic term for 120-130mm rockets launched either in salvos or from improvised single launchers; succeeded by GRAD rocket [e]
- Landing Craft Rocket [r]: A Second World War vessel for a variant of naval gunfire support in amphibious warfare. Along with the the landing craft carrying troops, some landing craft would be filled with rows of multiple rocket launchers, so that a massive amount of fire could be delivered alongside or just ahead of the troops, stunning defenders that survived [e]
- M109 howitzer [r]: A family of self-propelled 155mm howitzers developed by the U.S. Army [e]
- M242 Bushmaster [r]: A 25mm autocannon used on a wide variety of land, sea, and air platforms [e]
- M26 (rocket) [r]: A series of long-range (20mi/32 km-28mi/45km) unguided rockets fired by the M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System, carrying 518 to 644 cluster submunitions; retired due to an excessive number of submunitions failing to detonate and becoming effective minefields [e]
- M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System [r]: A fully-tracked artillery firing platform that carries two munitions pods, containing either six rockets or short-range surface-to-surface missiles, or one MGM-140 ATACMS tactical ballistic missile [e]
- M30 (rocket) [r]: An aerodynamically steered, rocket-propelled surface-to-surface missile, carrying cluster submunitions, fired by the M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System at greater ranges than the M109 howitzer [e]
- MGM-140 ATACMS [r]: A short- to medium-range ballistic missile, developed by the U.S. Army to engage high-value ground targets beyond the range of cannon, yet under the direct control of ground forces commanders; fired by the M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System [e]
- MIM-104 Patriot [r]: Missile originally developed for medium-to-high altitude aircraft interception (SAM) use, which, while retaining that capability, is now optimized as an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) for relatively small but critical areas. The SAM versions have explosive warheads but the ABM is hit-to-kill. [e]
- Man Who Sold the Moon (short story) [r]: A central short story in the Future History series by Robert Heinlein, in which the major character, D.D. Harriman, creates a commercial enterprise to make the first space flights to the Moon [e]
- Missile defense [r]: When a "missile" is considered anything projected, with hostile intent, against a target, the defense problem is far greater than ballistic missile defense, including defense against cruise missiles and counter-rocket, artillery and mortar systems; integrated air defense systems become very complex when facing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and guided missiles [e]
- Multiple rocket launcher [r]: In modern use, a family of mobile artillery systems, firing unguided rockets intended for area-effect coverage, complementing howitzers for point targets. These systems, however, increasingly use guided rounds. [e]
- Naval gunfire support [r]: naval gun, unguided rocket, and guided missile fire from ships, in direct support of ground forces; does not include close air support even if the aircraft fly from ships [e]
- Navy [r]: A military force organized primarily for missions on, under, or above bodies of water [e]
- OH-58 Kiowa Warrior [r]: A United States Army helicopter with extensive sensors for surveillance and guiding weapons fired by other air or ground weapons platforms, and also is a light attack helicopter on its own rights. [e]
- Phalanx close-in weapons system [r]: A 20mm autocannon system originally for shipboard final defense against subsonic anti-shipping missiles, obsolescent in that role but being deployed for land-based counter-rocket, artillery and mortar (C-RAM) defense against guerilla rockets [e]
- Precision-guided munition [r]: A powered or unpowered weapon that adjusts its flight path to hit a specific target [e]
- Radar MASINT [r]: The use of radar signals to obtain information beyond imaging of a target or its simple position, such as motion, reflectivity and surface characteristics, etc.; this technical information may be combined with imaging radar or traditional tracking radar [e]
- Radar [r]: A contraction of radio direction and ranging, used for detecting and tracking targets, navigation, imagery, and special applications. [e]
- Rocket motor [r]: A means of generating thrust, for propulsion or for adjusting a position, based on the hot gases expelled by a mixture of chemicals that does not need an external oxygen source [e]
- Rocket science [r]: Variously an incorrect name for various engineering disciplines in dealing with unguided rockets or the rocket motors of more intelligent vehicles, or an ironic description of something very complex or very simple (i.e., "this isn't rocket science") [e]
- SS-1 SCUD [r]: A Soviet-designed short range and inaccurate ballistic missile, a near-copy of the Second World War V-2 missile, that was widely exported, copied, employed as a base for new development, and used in combat by Iraq [e]
- Safety and survivability of naval vessels [r]: Beyond the rules of the Safety of Life at Sea convention, protective measures, for naval vessels, against their own systems as well as enemy fire [e]
- Satellite communications [r]: Telecommunications that makes use of a high-altitude relay(s), usually artificial satellites in Earth orbits but potentially a relay in the atmosphere [e]
- Satellite orbits [r]: The path of a celestial body or an artificial satellite as it revolves around another body. [e]
- Space Race [r]: A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union, which lasted roughly from 1957 to 1975. [e]
- Squad (land forces) [r]: The basic unit of infantry military tactics, composed of 7-13 soldiers, and subdivided into two or more fire teams [e]
- Surface-to-underwater missile [r]: A means of launching an antisubmarine torpedo from a surface ship, often by an unguided rocket booster, moving it at greater speed and range than possible for a torpedo in the water, and releasing the guided torpedo over the approximate location of the target [e]
- TPQ-36 [r]: A medium-range, with longer minimum range than the AN/TPQ-46, directional counterbattery radar in the Firefinder series, used in the counter-rocket, artillery and mortar role [e]
- TPQ-46 [r]: Formerly the Lightweight Countermortar Radar, a 360-degree coverage, short-range counterbattery/counter-rocket, artillery and mortar radar [e]
- Tank (military) [r]: A large land combat vehicle that moves on continuous tracks rather than wheels, has its primary armament in a rotating armored turret, is armored against more than small arms fire, and, while it can be extremely effective in many combat situations, is optimized to kill other tanks [e]
- Terrorism [r]: Any act, nearly always violent, unpredictable, and chaotic in nature, often targetting civilians, intended to create an atmosphere of fear in order to obtain a political objective. [e]
- U.S. Navy [r]: The branch of the United States Armed Forces charged with sea operations [e]
- Vietnam War military technology [r]: Military technology in support of ground operations, including helicopters and air assault, either associated with or introduced in Vietnam, between 1962 and 1975 [e]
- Warhead [r]: That part of a military weapon, which actively moves to strike a target, that causes the desired destructive effect on the target [e]
