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CZ:Core Articles > Biology
From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium
This page lists links to entries identified as CZ:Core Articles in biology.
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Biology: The science of life. [e]
- Life: A dynamic system with homeostasis, compositionality, metabolism, growth, adaptation, irritability and reproduction [e]
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Biochemistry
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Biochemistry: The chemistry of living things; a field of both biology and chemistry. [e]
- Metabolism: The modification of chemical substances by living organisms. [e]
- Ion channel: Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for channel gating can be a membrane potential, drug, transmitter, cytoplasmic messenger, or a mechanical deformation (U.S. National Library of Medicine). [e]
- Protein synthesis: Add brief definition or description
- Oxidative phosphorylation: Add brief definition or description
- Anaerobic respiration: Add brief definition or description
- Active site: Add brief definition or description
- Adenosine triphosphate: A molecule sometimes called the "energy currency" of a cell [e]
- Antibody: Add brief definition or description
- ATP synthase: Add brief definition or description
- Carbohydrate: Add brief definition or description
- Chemiosmosis: Add brief definition or description
- Electron transport chain: Add brief definition or description
- Enzyme kinetics: Add brief definition or description
- Fat: Adipose tissue; the body's store of energy. [e]
- Glycoprotein: Add brief definition or description
- Michaelis-Menten kinetics: Add brief definition or description
- Monoclonal antibody: Add brief definition or description
- Myosin: Add brief definition or description
- Peptide: Add brief definition or description
- Protein phosphorylation: Add brief definition or description
- Polypeptide: Add brief definition or description
- Polysaccharide: Add brief definition or description
- Protein folding: Add brief definition or description
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Protein structure: Add brief definition or description
- Proteolysis: Add brief definition or description
- Receptor (biochemistry): Add brief definition or description
- Redox: Add brief definition or description
- Substrate (biology): Add brief definition or description
- Vitamin: Add brief definition or description
Biography
- Biography: The history of a person's life. [e]
- Thomas Hunt Morgan: Add brief definition or description
- Gregor Mendel: Add brief definition or description
- Carolus Linnaeus: Add brief definition or description
- Lynn Margulis: Add brief definition or description
- Louis Pasteur: Add brief definition or description
Botany
- Botany: The study of plants and fungi (mycology). [e]
- Xylem: Add brief definition or description
- Photosynthesis: Scientific term for the conversion of sunlight into energy by plants [e]
- Ethylene: Add brief definition or description
- Action spectrum: Add brief definition or description
- Auxin: Add brief definition or description
- Calvin cycle: Add brief definition or description
- Cellulose: Add brief definition or description
- Chlorophyll: Add brief definition or description
- Gibberellin: Add brief definition or description
- Gravitropism: Add brief definition or description
- Leaf: Add brief definition or description
- Phloem: Add brief definition or description
- Plasmolysis: Add brief definition or description
- Root: The leafless part of a plant that is used to take up water and nutrients. [e]
- Seed: Add brief definition or description
- Starch: Add brief definition or description
- Stoma: Add brief definition or description
- Thylakoid: Add brief definition or description
Cell Biology
- Cell Biology: Add brief definition or description
- Phospholipid bilayer: Add brief definition or description
- Flagellum: Add brief definition or description
- Cell nucleus: Add brief definition or description
- Chloroplast: Add brief definition or description
- Mitochondrion: Add brief definition or description -- Thomas Simmons
- Apoptosis: Programmed cell death by which cells in a multicellular organism undergo a controlled death. [e]
- Biological membrane: An amphiliphilic envelope of cells and subcellular structural units [e]
- Cell division: Add brief definition or description
- Cell wall: Add brief definition or description
- Cytoplasm: Add brief definition or description
- Cytosol: Add brief definition or description
- Endoplasmic reticulum: Add brief definition or description
- Fluid mosaic model: Add brief definition or description
- Golgi apparatus: Add brief definition or description
- Microtubules: Add brief definition or description
- Organelle: Add brief definition or description
- Phagocytosis: Add brief definition or description
- Pseudopod: Add brief definition or description
- Ribosome: Add brief definition or description
- Signal transduction: The intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway (U.S. National Library of Medicine). [e]
- Vacuole: Add brief definition or description
- Vesicle (biology): Add brief definition or description
Developmental Biology
- Developmental Biology: Add brief definition or description
- Embryo: Add brief definition or description
Ecology
- Ecology: The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and how they are affected by the environment. [e]
- Habitat (ecology): Add brief definition or description
- Chemoautotrophic: Add brief definition or description
- Parasitism: Add brief definition or description
- Carbon cycle: Add brief definition or description
- Carnivore: An animal that eats other animals in its primary diet. [e]
- Ecological niche: Add brief definition or description
- Fundamental niche: Add brief definition or description
- Growth curve: Add brief definition or description
- Herbivore: Add brief definition or description
- Hibernation: Add brief definition or description
- Insectivores: Add brief definition or description
- Invasive species: Add brief definition or description
- Nitrogen cycle: Add brief definition or description
- Population: Add brief definition or description
- Predation: Add brief definition or description
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Symbiosis: Add brief definition or description
- Thermocline: A boundary layer between water at different temperatures in deep bodies of water. [e]
Evolution
- Evolution: A change over time in the proportions of individual organisms differing genetically. [e]
- Microevolution: Add brief definition or description
- Speciation: An event that produces two lineages that become separate species. [e]
- Phylogeny: Add brief definition or description
- Endosymbiosis: Add brief definition or description
- Adaptation: Describes the event of a trait being selected by the mechanism of natural selection. [e]
- Convergent evolution: Add brief definition or description
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Evolution of cells: The birth of cells marked the passage from pre-biotic chemistry to partitioned units resembling modern cells. [e]
- Evolutionary tree: Add brief definition or description
- Fossilization: Please do not use this term in your topic list, because there is no single article for it. Please substitute a more precise term. See Fossilization (disambiguation) for a list of available, more precise, topics. Please add a new usage if needed.
- Genetic drift: Describes how some alleles either increase or decrease in a population due to chance events. [e]
- Homology (biology): Add brief definition or description
- Macroevolution: Add brief definition or description
- Molecular clock: Add brief definition or description
- Monophyletic: Add brief definition or description
- Muller's ratchet: Add brief definition or description
Genetics
- Horizontal gene transfer: Transfer of genetic material to a being other than one of the donor's offspring. [e]
- Genetics: The study of the inheritance of characteristics, genes and DNA. [e]
- DNA: A macromolecule that stores genetic information. Chemically, a nucleic acid. [e]
- Mitosis: Add brief definition or description
- Genetic code: Add brief definition or description
- Chromosome: Add brief definition or description
- Mendelian inheritance: Add brief definition or description
- Acquired characteristics: Add brief definition or description
- Adaptive radiation: Add brief definition or description
- Allele: A gene flavor and one of a pair in a cell (one per chromosome). For example, Mendel used two different alleles for seed shape, one allele for round seeds (R) and the other for wrinkled seed shape (r). [e]
- Asexual reproduction: Add brief definition or description
- Autosome: Add brief definition or description
- Centromere: Add brief definition or description
- Chiasma: Add brief definition or description
- Chromatid: Add brief definition or description
- Chromatin: Add brief definition or description
- Codon: Add brief definition or description
- Diploid: Add brief definition or description
- Double helix: Add brief definition or description
- Epigenetics: Modifications in a gene's activity, expression, and/or regulation that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence. It is possible for such differences to be inherited from one generation to the next. [e]
- Exon: Add brief definition or description
- Gamete: Add brief definition or description
- Gene duplication: Add brief definition or description
- Gene: Add brief definition or description
- Genetic recombination: Add brief definition or description
- Genome: Add brief definition or description
- Haploid: Add brief definition or description
- Heredity: Add brief definition or description
- Hermaphrodite: Add brief definition or description
- Heterochromatin: Add brief definition or description
- Heterozygote: Add brief definition or description
- Homozygote: Add brief definition or description
- Intron: Add brief definition or description
- Locus (genetics): Add brief definition or description
- Lyon hypothesis: Add brief definition or description
- Meiosis: Add brief definition or description
- Metaphase: Add brief definition or description
- Mutagen: Add brief definition or description
- Oncogene: Add brief definition or description
- Phenotype: Add brief definition or description
- Punnett square: Add brief definition or description
- Quantitative trait loci: Add brief definition or description
- Recombination: Add brief definition or description
- Sexual reproduction: Add brief definition or description
- Sister chromatid: Add brief definition or description
- Splicing (genetics): Add brief definition or description
- Telomere: Add brief definition or description
- Transposon: Blocks of conserved DNA that can occasionally move to different positions within the chromosomes of a cell. [e]
- Trait (biology): Add brief definition or description
- Wobble base pair: Add brief definition or description
- X chromosome: Add brief definition or description
- Y chromosome: Add brief definition or description
- Microbiology: The study of microorganisms (overlapping with areas of bacteriology, mycology, and parasitology). [e]
Molecular Biology
- RNA interference: Process that inhibits the flow of genetic information to protein synthesis. [e]
- Molecular Biology: Add brief definition or description
- Human Genome Project: Add brief definition or description
- Polymerase chain reaction: A biochemical technique used to amplify the amount of DNA obtained from a sample. [e] -- Thomas Berkhout
- Transcription (genetics): Add brief definition or description
- Actin: A globular protein that can polymerise to form microfilaments; essential for cell movement and muscle contraction. [e]
- Antibiotic resistance: Add brief definition or description
- Connexin: Add brief definition or description
- DNA replication: Add brief definition or description
- Electrophoresis: Add brief definition or description
- Enhancer: Add brief definition or description
- Erythropoietin: A protein hormone produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia; it is essential for normal development and maturation of red blood cells (RBC). [e]
- Homeobox: Add brief definition or description
- Lac repressor: Add brief definition or description
- Microarray: Add brief definition or description
- Microsatellite: Add brief definition or description
- Non-coding RNA: Add brief definition or description
- Nucleic acid: A class of macromolecules important in conveying genetic information. [e]
- Nucleotide: Add brief definition or description
- Okazaki fragment: Add brief definition or description
- Operon: Add brief definition or description
- Oxytocin: Add brief definition or description
- Plasmid: Add brief definition or description
- Promoter: Add brief definition or description
- Restriction enzyme: Add brief definition or description
- RNA: A polymer, made using the nucleotides of adenosine, guanosine, uridine and cytidine, that is used for a variety of biological functions in living systems. [e]
- Transcription factor: Add brief definition or description
- Transformation (genetics): Add brief definition or description
Physiology
- Physiology: The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of tissues and how they interact. [e]
- Homeostasis (biology): The coordinated physiological reactions which maintain most of the steady states in an organism. [e]
- Osmosis: Add brief definition or description
- Circadian rhythm: Add brief definition or description
- Action potential: A brief change in voltage that travels along a cell membrane. [e]
- Active transport: Add brief definition or description
- Facilitated diffusion: Add brief definition or description
- Feedback inhibition: Add brief definition or description
- Neuron: Add brief definition or description
- Pregnancy: Add brief definition or description
- Reproduction: Add brief definition or description
- Senescence: Add brief definition or description
- Speech: Please do not use this term in your topic list, because there is no single article for it. Please substitute a more precise term. See Speech (disambiguation) for a list of available, more precise, topics. Please add a new usage if needed.
- Thermoregulation: Add brief definition or description
- Tropism: Add brief definition or description
- Visual perception: Add brief definition or description
- Systems biology: The study of biological systems as a whole [e]
Taxonomy
- Taxonomy: The principles underlying classification, often in a hierarchy. [e]
- Organism: Add brief definition or description
- Phylogeny: Add brief definition or description
- Systematics: The study of the diversity of organism characteristics, and how they relate via evolution. [e]
- Amniota: Add brief definition or description
- Animal: A multicellular organism that feeds on other organisms; distinguished from plants and fungi, as well as single-celled organisms. [e]
- Archaea: Add brief definition or description
- Bacteria: Add brief definition or description
- Bacteriophage: A virus that infects bacteria; often called a phage. [e]
- Cyanobacteria: Add brief definition or description
- Drosophila melanogaster: Add brief definition or description
- Eukaryote: Add brief definition or description
- Microorganism: Add brief definition or description
- Plant: Add brief definition or description
- Prokaryote: Single celled organism with no membrane-bound organelles. [e]
- Protist: Add brief definition or description
- Vertebrata: Add brief definition or description
- Rabbit: Add brief definition or description
- Rottweiler: A large breed of dog known for its great physical strength and strong protective instinct. [e]
- Wheat: Grass crop grown worldwide and used in making flour and fermentation for alcohol production. [e]