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- Allopathy [r]: An essentially discredited medical theory of the 19th century and earlier, which focused on using drugs, sometimes in high doses, that produced the opposite to an undesired symptom; they were not targeted on etiology [e]
- Alternative medicine (theories) [r]: Overview of social, cultural and philosophical perspectives of concepts relating to human health and healing offering links to more detailed discussions [e]
- Anemia [r]: A condition characterized by too few red blood cells in blood to support normal physiology. [e]
- Breast cancer [r]: Cancer of the glandular breast tissue. [e]
- Disease [r]: A condition of the body in which one or more of its components fail to operate properly, resulting in disability, pain or other forms of suffering, or behavioral aberrations. [e]
- Flexner Report [r]: Influential report on medical school curricula in the USA (1910), which transformed it to one based on scientific preparation and formal education. [e]
- Graduate medical education [r]: A medical degree, most often a bachelor's degree, from a school or college of medicine, usually combined with practical clinical experience. [e]
- Homeopathy [r]: System of medicine or alternative medicine that asserts that substances known to cause specific syndromes of symptoms can also, in very low and specially prepared doses, help to cure people who are ill with a similar syndrome of symptoms. [e]
- Infant colic [r]: A medical term for persistent and inconsolable crying by healthy infants, who are usually between the ages of two and sixteen weeks. [e]
- Infectious disease [r]: Diseases caused by living organisms. [e]
- Medical diagnosis [r]: The process of combining observations, tests, and disciplined decision mechanisms to determine the cause(s) of a patient's distress [e]
- Medically unexplained physical symptoms [r]: Symptoms for which the treating physician, other healthcare providers, and research scientists have found no medical cause. [e]
- Nursing [r]: A health sciences profession concerned with promoting and optimizing health; minimizing illness, morbidity, and mortality; alleviation of suffering through understanding its causes and means of alleviating it; and advocating the appropriate health care of individuals, families, communities, and populations [e]
- Randomized controlled trial [r]: "Work consisting of a clinical trial that involves at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table." (Anonymous, (2009) Randomized controlled trial (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.) [e]
- Retrospective studies [r]: "Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons." (Anonymous, (2009) Retrospective studies (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.) [e]
- Samuel Hahnemann [r]: (1755 - 1843), physician who founded homoeopathic medicine. [e]
- Symptom [r]: A subjective description of an abnormal state, recounted by a patient, which is informative, but different from the objective result of a sign. [e]
- Syndrome [r]: Group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, psychological disorder, or other abnormal condition. [e]
- Vaccination [r]: A preventative health measure that can confer immunity to an infectious disease, without requiring that the vaccinated individual actually contract the disease. [e]
