Liver function test

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In clinical medicine, liver function tests include tests for:^[1]

Surrogates for hepatic cell breakdown
- Transaminases
  - alanine transaminase^[2] (ALT)formerly called glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)
  - aspartate aminotransferase (AST)^[3], formerly called glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
- Lactic dehydrogenase]]
Indicators of obstruction
- [[Alkaline phosphatase
- 5’-NT (5-nucleotidase)
- GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase)
- Bilirubin
Hepatic synthetic function
- Protein
Coagulation factors
- Prothrombin
- International normalized ratio
Tumor markers
- alpha-fetoprotein
Special
- Copper metabolism
  - Ceruloplasmin
- Iron metabolism
  - serum Iron
  - total iron binding capacity (TIBC) % transferrinsaturation
  - ferritin
Serology
- HBsAg
- Anti-HBsAg
- Anti-HBcAg (immunoglobin G (IgG))
- Anti-HBcAg (immunoglobin M (IgM))

Causes of elevated test results

Increased blood levels of alanine transaminase have been associated with eating fast food twice a day while limiting exercise.^[4] The intervention in the trial aimed to "double the regular caloric intake in combination with adoption of a sedentary lifestyle for four weeks."^[4]

References

↑ Covin, RB (April 4, 2006), Liver and Gallbladder Pathology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
↑ Anonymous, (2009) Alanine transaminase (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Anonymous, (2009) Aspartate aminotransferase (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kechagias S, Ernersson A, Dahlqvist O, Lundberg P, Lindström T, Nystrom FH (2008). "Fast food based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy subjects". Gut. DOI:10.1136/gut.2007.131797. PMID 18276725.