Europe/Addendum: Difference between revisions

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imported>Nick Gardner
imported>Nick Gardner
Line 9: Line 9:
!official<br>state<br>language
!official<br>state<br>language
![[European Union|European<br>Union]]<br>member
![[European Union|European<br>Union]]<br>member
![[Eurozone]]<br>member
![[Council of Europe|Council<br>of<br>Europe]]<br>member
![[Council of Europe|Council<br>of<br>Europe]]<br>member
![[NATO]]<br>member
![[NATO]]<br>member
Line 17: Line 18:
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|application<br>submitted
|application<br>submitted
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 24: Line 26:
|[[Andorra la Vella]]
|[[Andorra la Vella]]
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]]
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 32: Line 35:
|[[Erevan]]
|[[Erevan]]
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 39: Line 43:
|[[Vienna]]
|[[Vienna]]
|[[German language|German]]
|[[German language|German]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 47: Line 52:
|[[Baku]]
|[[Baku]]
|[[Azeri language|Azeri]]
|[[Azeri language|Azeri]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 55: Line 61:
|[[Minsk]]
|[[Minsk]]
|[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]]
|[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]]
|
|
|
|
|
Line 63: Line 70:
|[[Brussels]]
|[[Brussels]]
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[German language|German]]
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[German language|German]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]],<br>[[Croatian language|Croatian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]],<br>[[Croatian language|Croatian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|potential<br>candidate
|potential<br>candidate
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|
Line 80: Line 89:
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 88: Line 98:
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]]
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]]
|candidate
|candidate
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 96: Line 107:
|[[Greek language|Greek]],<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|[[Greek language|Greek]],<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|
Line 103: Line 115:
|[[Czech language|Czech]]
|[[Czech language|Czech]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 111: Line 124:
|[[Danish language|Danish]]
|[[Danish language|Danish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 119: Line 133:
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[Helsinki]]
|[[Helsinki]]
|[[Finnish language|Finnish]],<br>[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|[[Finnish language|Finnish]],<br>[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 134: Line 150:
|[[Paris]]
|[[Paris]]
|[[French language|French]]
|[[French language|French]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 142: Line 159:
|[[Tbilisi]]
|[[Tbilisi]]
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]]
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 150: Line 168:
|[[Berlin]]
|[[Berlin]]
|[[German language|German]]
|[[German language|German]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 158: Line 177:
|[[Athens]]
|[[Athens]]
|[[Greek language|Greek]]
|[[Greek language|Greek]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 167: Line 187:
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 175: Line 196:
|[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
|[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
|candidate
|candidate
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 182: Line 204:
|[[Dublin]]
|[[Dublin]]
|[[Irish language|Irish]],<br>[[English language|English]]
|[[Irish language|Irish]],<br>[[English language|English]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 190: Line 213:
|[[Rome]]
|[[Rome]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 198: Line 222:
|[[Astana]]<br>(in Asia)
|[[Astana]]<br>(in Asia)
|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
|
|
|
|
|
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|[[Albanian language|Albanian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|potential<br>candidate
|potential<br>candidate
|
|
|
|
|
Line 215: Line 241:
|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]
|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[Vaduz]]
|[[Vaduz]]
|[[German language|German]]
|[[German language|German]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 231: Line 259:
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 238: Line 268:
|[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]]
|[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]]
|[[German language|German]]/<br>[[Luxembourgish]],<br>[[French language|French]]
|[[German language|German]]/<br>[[Luxembourgish]],<br>[[French language|French]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 247: Line 278:
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
|candidate
|candidate
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|
Line 254: Line 286:
|[[Valletta]]
|[[Valletta]]
|[[Maltese language|Maltese]],<br>[[English language|English]]
|[[Maltese language|Maltese]],<br>[[English language|English]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 262: Line 295:
|[[Chișinău]]
|[[Chișinău]]
|[[Romanian language|Romanian<br>(“Moldovan”)]]
|[[Romanian language|Romanian<br>(“Moldovan”)]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|(city-sate)
|(city-sate)
|[[French language|French]]
|[[French language|French]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 279: Line 314:
|[[Serbian language|Serbian<br>(“Montenegrin”)]]
|[[Serbian language|Serbian<br>(“Montenegrin”)]]
|candidate
|candidate
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|
Line 286: Line 322:
|[[The Hague]],<br>[[Amsterdam]]
|[[The Hague]],<br>[[Amsterdam]]
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 294: Line 331:
|[[Oslo]]
|[[Oslo]]
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 303: Line 341:
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[Lisbon]]
|[[Lisbon]]
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 326: Line 367:
|[[Moscow]]
|[[Moscow]]
|[[Russian language|Russian]]
|[[Russian language|Russian]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 334: Line 376:
|[[City of San Marino|City of<br>San Marino]]
|[[City of San Marino|City of<br>San Marino]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 343: Line 386:
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|application<br>submitted
|application<br>submitted
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|
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|[[Bratislava]]
|[[Bratislava]]
|[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
|[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 358: Line 403:
|[[Ljubljana]]
|[[Ljubljana]]
|[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]
|[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[Madrid]]
|[[Madrid]]
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|
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|[[Bern]]
|[[Bern]]
|[[German language|German]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]]
|[[German language|German]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|candidate
|candidate
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
Line 398: Line 448:
|[[Kyiv]]
|[[Kyiv]]
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|[[English language|English]]
|[[English language|English]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>•</center>
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|(city-state,<br>inside<br>Rome)
|(city-state,<br>inside<br>Rome)
|[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Latin language|Latin]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Latin language|Latin]]
|
|
|
|
|

Revision as of 06:31, 24 December 2010

This article is developing and not approved.
 Main Article
 Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
Timelines [?]
Addendum [?]
 
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Europe/Addendum&printable=yes
This addendum is a continuation of the article Europe.

The states of Europe

state capital official
state
language 		European
Union
member 		Eurozone
member 		Council
of
Europe
member 		NATO
member 		GDP/head
2009
$ [1]
Albania Tirana Albanian application
submitted
•
•
     8,373
Andorra Andorra la Vella Catalan
•
Armenia
(edge of Europe) 		Erevan Armenian
•
Austria Vienna German
•
•
•
    38,363
Azerbaijan
(edge of Europe) 		Baku Azeri
•
     9,638
Belarus Minsk Belarussian    13,039
Belgium Brussels Dutch,
French,
German
•
•
•
•
    36,249
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Bosnian,
Croatian,
Serbian 		potential
candidate
•
     8,491
Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian
•
•
•
    13,332
Croatia Zagreb Croatian candidate
•
•
    19,805
Cyprus
(edge of Europe) 		Nicosia Greek,
Turkish
•
•
Czechia Prague Czech
•
•
•
    25,232
Denmark Copenhagen Danish
•
•
•
    36,762
Estonia Tallinn Estonian
•
•
•
    19,451
Finland Helsinki Finnish,
Swedish
•
•
•
    34,720
France Paris French
•
•
•
•
    33,655
Georgia
(edge of Europe) 		Tbilisi Georgian
•
     4,774
Germany Berlin German
•
•
•
•
    36,267
Greece Athens Greek
•
•
•
•
    29,663
Hungary Budapest Hungarian
•
•
•
    19,764
Iceland Reykjavík Icelandic candidate
•
•
    37,595
Ireland Dublin Irish,
English
•
•
•
    41,278
Italy Rome Italian
•
•
•
•
    31,909
Kazakhstan
(edge of Europe) 		Astana
(in Asia) 		Kazakh    11,509
Kosovo Priština Albanian,
Serbian 		potential
candidate 		    
Latvia Riga Latvian
•
•
•
    15,413
Liechtenstein Vaduz German
•
    
Lithuania Vilnius Lithuanian
•
•
•
    16,747
Luxembourg Luxembourg German/
Luxembourgish,
French
•
•
•
•
    
Republic of Macedonia
(FYROM) 		Skopje Macedonian candidate
•
    10,823
Malta
(edge of Europe) 		Valletta Maltese,
English
•
•
•
    
Moldova Chișinău Romanian
(“Moldovan”)
•
     2,854
Monaco (city-sate) French
•
    
Montenegro Podgorica Serbian
(“Montenegrin”) 		candidate
•
    13,292
Netherlands The Hague,
Amsterdam 		Dutch
•
•
•
•
    40,715
Norway Oslo Norwegian
•
•
    55,672
Poland Warsaw Polish
•
•
•
    19,059
Portugal Lisbon Portuguese
•
•
•
•
    24,569
Romania Bucharest Romanian
•
•
•
    14,199
Russia
(edge of Europe) 		Moscow Russian
•
    18,962
San Marino City of
San Marino 		Italian
•
Serbia Belgrade Serbian application
submitted
•
    11,719
Slovakia Bratislava Slovakian
•
•
•
•
    22,356
Slovenia Ljubljana Slovenian
•
•
•
•
    27,004
Spain Madrid Spanish
•
•
•
•
    32,545
Sweden Stockholm Swedish
•
•
    37,905
Switzerland Bern German,
French,
Italian,
Romansh
•
    45,117
Turkey
(edge of Europe) 		Ankara Turkish candidate
•
•
    13,885
Ukraine Kyiv Ukrainian
•
     6,317
United Kingdom London English
•
•
•
    36,496
Vatican City (city-state,
inside
Rome) 		Italian,
Latin

Note that Europe includes the following, de facto, independent territories, with no or very little international recognition: Abkhazia (edge of Europe), Nagorno-Karabakh (edge of Europe), Northern Cyprus (edge of Europe), South Ossetia (edge of Europe) and Transnistria.

The languages of Europe

The following list presents the current, autochtonous languages of Europe, classified by language families. Various, recently claimed languages that are not widely—or not yet—recognised by the linguist community are not enlisted here.[2] Each table matches with a lower range language family. Languages are presented in a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south.

Basque language

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Basque Spain, France Spain (R) endangered

Indo-European languages

Celtic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Irish Ireland, United Kingdom Ireland endangered
Scottish Gaelic United Kingdom United Kingdom (R) endangered
Manx Isle of Man endangered
Welsh United Kingdom United Kingdom (R) endangered
Cornish United Kingdom endangered
Breton France endangered

Germanic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Icelandic Iceland Iceland
Faroese Faroe Islands Faroe Islands (R)
Norwegian Norway Norway
Swedish Sweden, Finland Sweden, Finland
Danish Denmark, Sweden Denmark (endangered in Sweden)
English United Kingdom United Kingdom, Ireland
Frisian Netherlands, Germany endangered
Dutch Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany Netherlands, Belgium
Low German Germany, Netherlands endangered
German Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy, France Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy (R) (endangered in France)
Yiddish scattered across Central Europe endangered

Romance languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Galician-Portuguese Portugal, Spain Portugal, Spain (R) (endangered in Spain)
Asturian-Leonese Spain, Portugal Portugal (R) endangered
Spanish Spain Spain
Aragonese Spain endangered
Catalan Spain, France, Andorra, Italy Andorra, Spain (R) endangered
Occitan France, Italy, Spain, Monaco Spain (R) endangered
Francoprovençal (Arpitan) France, Switzerland, Italy endangered
French France, Belgium, Switzerland, Channel Islands France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco (endangered in the Channel Islands)
Romansh Switzerland Switzerland endangered
Ladin Italy endangered
Friulian Italy endangered
Northern Italian Italy, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia endangered
Italian Italy Italy, Switzerland, San Marino
Corsican France, Italy endangered
Sardinian Italy endangered
Romanian Romania, Moldova, Balkans Romania, Moldova

Baltic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Latvian Latvia Latvia
Lithuanian Lithuania Lithuania

Slavic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Sorbian (Lusatian) Germany Germany (R) endangered
Kashubian Poland endangered
Polish Poland Poland
Czech Czechia Czechia
Slovakian Slovakia Slovakia
Belarussian Belarus, Russia Belarus endangered
Ukrainian Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia Ukraine
Russian Russia Russia, Belarus, Moldova (R)
Slovenian Slovenia, Italy, Austria Slovenia (endangered in Italy and Austria)
Croatian (Serbo-Croatian) Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian (Serbo-Croatian) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) (including Montenegrin) Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo
Macedonian Republic of Macedonia, Greece Republic of Macedonia (endangered in Greece)
Bulgarian Bulgaria, Greece Bulgaria (endangered in Greece)

Albanian

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Albanian Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Greece Albania, Kosovo (endangered in Greece)

Greek

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Greek Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Turkey Greece, Albania (endangered in Albania, Turkey and Northern Cyprus)

Indo-Iranian languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status)) 		vitality
Ossetic Russia, South Ossetia South Ossetia endangered
Zaza Turkey endangered
Kurdish Turkey endangered
language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Romany scattered across Europe endangered

Armenian

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Armenian Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh (endangered in Turkey)

Afro-Asiatic languages

Semitic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Maltese Malta Malta
Arabic Turkey endangered

Uralic languages

Finno-Ugric languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Sami (Lappish) Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia endangered
Finnish (including Karelian) Finland, Russia, Sweden Finland (endangered in Russia and Sweden)
Estonian Estonia Estonia
Livonian Latvia endangered
Veps Russia endangered
Komi Russia Russia (R) endangered
Udmurt Russia Russia (R) endangered
Mari Russia Russia (R) endangered
Erza Russia Russia (R) endangered
Moksha Russia Russia (R) endangered
Hungarian Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia Hungary (endangered in Slovakia, Romania, Austria and Serbia)

Samoyedic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Nenets Russia endangered

Altaic languages

Turkic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Turkish Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria Turkey, Cyprus (endangered in Greece and Bulgaria)
Gagauz Moldova, Ukraine Moldova (R) endangered
Chuvash Russia Russia (R) endangered
Crimean Tatar Ukraine endangered
Volga Tatar Russia Russia (R) endangered
Bashkort (Bashkir) Russia Russia (R) endangered
Kumyk Russia endangered
Karachay-Balkar Russia Russia (R) endangered
Nogay Russia Russia (R) endangered
Azeri Azerbaijan, Iran Azerbaijan

Mongolian

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Mongolian (Kalmyk) Russia Russia (R) endangered

North Caucasian languages

The unity of the North Caucasian family is debated among specialists.

Northwest Caucasian languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Abkhaz-Abaza Abkhazia, Russia Abkhazia endangered
Circassian (Adyghe, Kabardian) Russia Russia (R) endangered

Northeast Caucasian languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Chechen Russia Russia (R) endangered
Ingush Russia Russia (R) endangered
many languages in Russia (Daghestan) and Azerbaijan, including: Bats, Avar, Andi, Lak, Dargwa, Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Udi, Rutul, etc. Russia, Azerbaijan (R) (for some of them) endangered

Kartvelian languages (South Caucasian languages)

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Georgian Georgia Georgia (R)
Svan Georgia endangered
Mingrelian Georgia endangered
Laz Turkey, Georgia endangered

Footnotes

  1. ↑ At purchasing power parity rates[1]
  2. ↑ See, for example, a serious, scientific survey of the languages of Europe in: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa, coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana.
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