Nazi medical experiments/Related Articles: Difference between revisions

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==Parent topics==
==Parent topics==
{{r|Medical Case (NMT)}}
{{r|Nazi race and biological ideology}}
{{r|Medical Case (NMT)||**}}
{{r|Medical ethics}}   
{{r|Medical ethics}}   
{{r|The Holocaust}}
{{r|Holocaust}}
{{r|Nazi euthanasia program}}
{{r|Nazi euthanasia program||**}}
{{r|War crime}}
 
==Subtopics==
==Subtopics==
===Experiments===
===Experiments===
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{{r|Nazi freezing experiments}}
{{r|Nazi freezing experiments}}
{{r|Nazi high altitude experiments}}
{{r|Nazi high altitude experiments}}
{{r|Nazi freezing experiments}}
{{r|Nazi malaria experiments}}
{{r|Nazi malaria experiments}} February 1942 - April 1945. Conducted to test immunization for and treatment of [[malaria]]; experiments were conducted on more than 1000 prisoners at [Dachau Concentration Camp]]. Charged against [[Kurt Blomer]], [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Joachim Mrugowsky]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], [[Paul Rostock]], and [[Wolfram Sievers]]. (Evidence was also presented against Rose, but no judgment was reached.) No judgment was made concerning [[Karl Mrugowsky]]. [[Kurt Blomer]], [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], and [[Paul Rostock]] were acquitted; [[Wolfram Sievers]] was convicted.
{{r|Nazi mustard gas experiments}}  
{{r|Nazi mustard gas experiments}} September 1939 - April 1945. Conducted for the benefit of the German armed forces to investigate treatment of injuries caused by Lost (mustard) gas; experiments were conducted at Sachsenhausen, [Natzweiler  Concentration Camp]], and other camps. Charged against [[Kurt Blomer]], [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Paul Rostock]], and [[Wolfram Sievers]]. [[Kurt Blomer]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], and [[Paul Rostock]] were acquitted; [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], and [[Wolfram Sievers]] were convicted.
{{r|Nazi sulfanilamide experiments}}
{{r|Nazi sulfanilamide experiments}} July 1942 - September 1943. Conducted for the benefit of the German armed forces to test the effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other drugs as treatments for infected wounds; experiments were conducted at Ravensbrueck. Charged against [[Hermann Becker-Freyseng]], [[Kurt Blomer]], [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Fritz Fischer]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Karl Genzken]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Karl Mrugowsky]], [[Herta Oberheuser]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], [[Paul Rostock]], and [[Oskar Schroeder]]. Charges against [[Hermann Becker-Freyseng]], [[Kurt Blomer]], and [[Oskar Schroeder]] were withdrawn. No judgment was reached concerning [[Rudolf Brandt]]. [[Karl Genzken]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], and [[Paul Rostock]] were acquitted; [[Karl Brandt]], [[Fritz Fischer]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Karl Mrugowsky]], and [[Herta Oberheuser]] were convicted.
{{r|Nazi regeneration and transplantation}}
 
{{r|Nazi seawater experiments}}
{{r|Nazi bone, muscle, and nerve regeneration, and bone transplant experiments}} September 1942 - December 1943. Conducted for benefit of German armed forces, using Polish inmates at the Ravensbrueck camp. Charged against [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Fritz Fischer]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Herta Oberheuser]], and [[Paul Rostock]]. Charge against [[Rudolf Brandt]] withdrawn. [[Karl Brandt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], and [[Paul Rostock]] were acquitted; [[Fritz Fischer]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], and [[Herta Oberheuser]] were convicted.
{{r|Nazi epidemic jaundice experiments}}
 
{{r|Nazi typhus and other vaccine experiments}}  
{{r|Nazi seawater experiments}} July - September 1944. Conducted for the German air force and navy to test methods of making seawater drinkable; experiments were conducted at [Dachau Concentration Camp]]. Charged against [[Hermann Becker-Freyseng]], Beiglboeck, [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Karl Mrugowsky]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], [[Paul Rostock]], Schaefer, [[Oskar Schroeder]], and [[Wolfram Sievers]]. The charge against [[Karl Mrugowsky]] was withdrawn. [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], [[Paul Rostock]], and Schaefer were acquitted; [[Hermann Becker-Freyseng]], Beiglboeck, [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Oskar Schroeder]], and [[Wolfram Sievers]] were convicted.
{{r|Nazi poison experiments}}  
{{r|Nazi epidemic jaundice experiments}} June 1943 - January 1945. Conducted for the benefit of the German armed forces to investigate causes of and inoculations against epidemic jaundice; experiments were conducted on Polish prisoners at Sachsenhausen and [Natzweiler  Concentration Camp]] camps. Charged against [[Hermann Becker-Freyseng]], [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Joachim Mrugowsky]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], Rose, [[Paul Rostock]], [[Oskar Schroeder]], and [[Wolfram Sievers]]. Charges against [[Hermann Becker-Freyseng]], Rose, and [[Wolfram Sievers]] were withdrawn. [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Karl Mrugowsky]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], [[Paul Rostock]], and [[Oskar Schroeder]] were acquitted; [[Karl Brandt]] was convicted.
{{r|Nazi incendiary bomb experiments}}
 
{{r|Naxi typhus and other vaccine experiments}} December 1941 - February 1945. Conducted for the benefit of the German armed forces to test the effectiveness of vaccines against typhus, smallpox, cholera, and other diseases; experiments were conducted at [Buchenwald  Concentration Camp]] and [Natzweiler  Concentration Camp]]. Charged against [[Hermann Becker-Freyseng]], [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Karl Genzken]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Waldemar Hoven]], [[Joachim Mrugowsky]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], Rose, [[Paul Rostock]], [[Oskar Schroeder]], and [[Wolfram Sievers]]. [[Hermann Becker-Freyseng]], [[Karl Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Helmut Poppendick]], and [[Paul Rostock]] were acquitted; [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Genzken]], [[Siegfried Handloser]], [[Waldemar Hoven]], [[Karl Mrugowsky]], Rose, [[Oskar Schroeder]], and [[Wolfram Sievers]] were convicted.
 
{{r|Nazi poison experiments}} December 1943 and September - October 1944. Conducted to investigate the effect of various poisons, including poison in food and poisoned bullets; experiments were conducted at [Buchenwald  Concentration Camp]] (food) and Sachsenhausen (bullets). Charged against [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Karl Genzken]], [[Joachim Mrugowsky]], and [[Helmut Poppendick]]. [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Karl Genzken]], and [[Helmut Poppendick]] were acquitted; [[Karl Mrugowsky]] was convicted.
 
{{r|Naxi incendiary bomb experiments}} November 1943 - January 1944. Conducted to test pharmaceutical treatments for phosphorus burns; experiments were conducted at [Buchenwald  Concentration Camp]], involving the infliction of burns by materials from incendiary bombs. Charged against [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Karl Genzken]], [[Karl Mrugowsky]], and [[Helmut Poppendick]]. All were acquitted.
====Racial-biological orientation====
====Racial-biological orientation====
{{r|Nazi sterilization experiments}} March 1941 - January 1945. Conducted to develop methods of rapid, large scale sterilization in order to ensure the eventual elimination of "enemy" populations while keeping captive workers as a labor force during the war. Experiments were planned and/or conducted at [Auschwitz  Concentration Camp]], Ravensbrueck, and elsewhere employing drugs, x-rays, and surgery. Charged against [[Viktor Brack]], [[Karl Brandt]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], [[Karl Gebhardt]], [[Joachim Mrugowsky]], [[Herta Oberheuser]], Pokorny, and [[Helmut Poppendick]]. The charges against [[Karl Mrugowsky]] and [[Herta Oberheuser]] were withdrawn. [[Karl Brandt]], Pokorny, and [[Helmut Poppendick]] were acquitted; [[Viktor Brack]], [[Rudolf Brandt]], and [[Karl Gebhardt]] were convicted.
{{r|Nazi sterilization experiments}}  
 
{{r|Nazi skeleton collection}}  
{{r|Nazi skeleton collection}} June 1943 - September 1944. Conducted to complete a skeleton collection for an anatomical research project at the Reich University of Strasbourg; one hundred twelve Jews at [Auschwitz  Concentration Camp]] were killed for the purpose. Charged against [[Rudolf Brandt]] and [[Wolfram Sievers]]; both were convicted.
 
===Persons tried in NMT===
===Persons tried in NMT===
====Physicians and scientists====
{{r|Hermann Becker-Freyseng}}  
{{r|Hermann Becker-Freyseng}}  
{{r|Wilhelm Beiglboeck}}
{{r|Wilhelm Beiglboeck}}
{{r|Kurt Blome}}
{{r|Kurt Blome}}
{{r|Karl Brandt}}  
{{r|Karl Brandt}}  
{{r|Rudolf Brandt}}
{{r|Fritz Fischer}}
{{r|Fritz Fischer}}
{{r|Karl Gebhardt}}  
{{r|Karl Gebhardt}}  
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{{r|Helmut Poppendick}}  
{{r|Helmut Poppendick}}  
{{r|Gerhardt Rose}}
{{r|Gerhardt Rose}}
{{r|Siegfied Ruff}}
{{r|Siegfried Ruff}}
{{r|Hans Wolfgang Romberg}}
{{r|Hans Wolfgang Romberg}}
{{r|Konrad Schaefer}}
{{r|Konrad Schaefer}}
{{r|Oskar Schroeder}}  
{{r|Oskar Schroeder}}  
{{r|Wolfram Sievers}}
{{r|Georg August Weltz}}
{{r|Georg August Weltz}}


====Nonscientists====
{{r|Viktor Brack}}
{{r|Rudolf Brandt}}
{{r|Wolfram Sievers}}
===Others implicated===
===Others implicated===
{{r|Philippe Bouhler}}
{{r|Philip Bouhler}}
{{r|Carl Clauberg}}  
{{r|Carl Clauberg}}  
{{r|Leonardo Conti}}
{{r|Leonardo Conti}}
{{r|Max de Crinis}}
{{r|Erwin Ding-Schuler}}  
{{r|Erwin Ding-Schuler}}  
{{r|Ernst Grawitz}}
{{r|Ernst Grawitz}}
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{{r|Sigmund Rascher}}  
{{r|Sigmund Rascher}}  
{{r|Franz Stangl}}
{{r|Franz Stangl}}
 
{{r|Albert Widmann}}
===Sites of experiments===
===Sites of experiments===
{{r|Auschwitz Concentration Camp}}
{{r|Auschwitz Concentration Camp}}
{{r|Buchenwald Concentration Camp}}
{{r|Buchenwald Concentration Camp}}
{{r|Dachau Concentration Camp}}
{{r|Dachau Concentration Camp}}
{{r|Natweiler Concentration Camp}}
{{r|Natzweiler Concentration Camp}}
{{r|Ravensbrueck Cocentration Camp}}
{{r|Ravensbrueck Concentration Camp}}
===Resistance===
{{r|Karl Bonhoeffer}}
 
==Other related topics==
==Other related topics==
{{r|Nuremberg Code}}
{{r|Nuremberg Code}}
{{r|Declaration of Helsinki}}
{{r|Declaration of Helsinki}}
{{r|U.S. intelligence involvement with World War II Japanese war criminals}}
{{r|Shiro Ishii||**}}
==Articles related by keyphrases (Bot populated)==
{{r|Nazi freezing experiments}}
{{r|Nuremberg Military Tribunals}}
{{r|Nazi seawater experiments}}
{{r|Islamophobia}}
{{r|CZ Talk:Professionalism}}

Latest revision as of 11:01, 24 September 2024

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A list of Citizendium articles, and planned articles, about Nazi medical experiments.
See also changes related to Nazi medical experiments, or pages that link to Nazi medical experiments or to this page or whose text contains "Nazi medical experiments".

Parent topics

  • Nazi race and biological ideology [r]: The policies of Nazi Germany, based on the views of Adolf Hitler, which emphasized encouraging the breeding of what he considered to be a superior race and preventing the breeding, or actively killing, what he considered subhuman [e]
  • Medical ethics [r]: The study of moral values as they apply to medicine. [e]
  • Holocaust [r]: Nazi Germany's systematic economic exploitation, followed by killing, of European Jews and others deemed racial and ideological enemies [e]
    • Nazi euthanasia program [r]: A secret program of Nazi Germany, in which hundreds of thousands of persons were killed, not for medical reasons but because they were deemed, by Nazi ideology, "life unworthy of life" [e]
  • War crime [r]: Acts that violate the laws of war as they applied in the time and place of commission, or that were deemed violations of law, possibly ex post facto, as determined by a competent tribunal [e]

Subtopics

Experiments

Military focus

Racial-biological orientation

Persons tried in NMT

Physicians and scientists

Nonscientists

Others implicated

Sites of experiments

Resistance

Other related topics

Articles related by keyphrases (Bot populated)

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