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Article of the Week [ about ]

(PD) Photo: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Large, shallow ground-level trickle filters in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Large-scale trickle filters are wastewater treatment facilities for biochemically oxidizing biodegradable substances present in wastewaters. They consist of a fixed bed of rocks, gravel, slag, polyurethane foam or plastic media over which sewage or other biodegradable wastewater percolates downward and is contacted with a layer or film of microbial slime covering the bed media. Aerobic conditions are maintained by air flowing through the bed.

The terms trickling biofilter, biofilter, biofilm reactor, biological filter, biological trickling filter and biotower are often used to refer to a trickle filter. These systems have also been described as an attached growth process , a fixed film process, packed media bed filters, roughing filters and percolating filters. [more...]

New Draft of the Week [ about ]

Joseph Black (1728-1799), was a Scottish chemist and physicist, known for the concepts of latent heat and specific heat, and for the discovery of carbon dioxide. He was a founder of thermochemistry, and was the mentor of James Watt. Black was a member of the Poker Club and friend of David Hume, Adam Smith, James Hutton and other leading figures of the Scottish Enlightenment.

Joseph Black was one of fifteen children (8 sons and 5 daughters surviving). His father, John Black, was a wine merchant; his mother, Margaret, was from Aberdeenshire. At the age of twelve, he was sent to a grammar school in Belfast to learn Latin and Greek. In 1744 he enrolled at Glasgow University to study arts, subsequently changing, to study medicine. There, William Cullen was his instructor in chemistry, and the relation between the two soon became that of professor and assistant rather than of master and pupil. [more...]

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 === Article of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
-'''Homeopathy''' or '''homoeopathy''' is a system of [[Complementary and Alternative Medicine|alternative medicine]].  The term derives from  the Greek ''hómoios'' (similar) and ''páthos'' (suffering). The underlying concept of homeopathy is "like cures like" and is based on "the principle of similars", which asserts that substances known to ''cause'' particular symptoms can also, in low and specially prepared doses, help to ''cure'' diseases that cause similar symptoms. Some principles of homeopathy have been utilized in various forms in various medical systems for thouands of years in many diverse cultures, but they were first methodically set out by a German physician, [[Samuel Hahnemann]] (1755–1843), who observed that a medicine sometimes evoked symptoms similar to those of the illness for which it was prescribed. Related maxims such as the "Law of similars" are common in anthropological literature.
+{{Image|Shallow Ground-level Trickle Filters.jpg|right|274px|Large, shallow ground-level trickle filters in a municipal wastewater treatment plant}}
-<font size=1>[[Homeopathy|['''more...''']]]</font>
+'''Large-scale trickle filters''' are wastewater treatment facilities for biochemically oxidizing biodegradable substances present in wastewaters. They consist of a fixed bed of [[Rock (geology)|rock]]s, [[gravel]], [[slag]], [[polyurethane|polyurethane foam]] or plastic media over which [[sewage]] or other [[biodegradable]] [[wastewater]] percolates downward and is contacted with a layer or film of [[Microbe|microbial]] slime covering the bed media. [[Aerobic]] conditions are maintained by air flowing through the bed.
+The terms ''trickling biofilter'', ''biofilter'', ''biofilm reactor'', ''biological filter'', ''biological trickling filter'' and ''biotower'' are often used to refer to a trickle filter. These systems have also been described as an attached growth process
+, a fixed film process, [[Packed bed|packed media bed]] filters, roughing filters  and percolating filters.
+<font size=1>[[Large-scale trickle filters|['''more...''']]]</font>
 === New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
-Across a wide range of cultures some common themes recur, among them '''sympathetic magic'''.  It attempts to use a symbol of some notable event to cause the full power of that event to manifest itself, most notably as seen in [[cargo cult]]s.  Classic examples of cargo cults, although they had been observed much earlier, played out in [[Melanesia]] during the [[Second World War]]: natives would see desirable "cargo" come out of an airplane, or, perhaps in a more modest fashion, cold beer from a refrigerator. They would subsequently construct wooden replicas of airplanes or refrigerators, hoping that, with the right invocation, they would then open their own door and find the same precious cargo.
+'''Joseph Black''' (1728-1799), was a Scottish chemist and physicist, known for the concepts of [[latent heat]] and [[specific heat]], and for the discovery of [[carbon dioxide]]. He was a founder of [[thermochemistry]], and was the mentor of [[James Watt]]. Black was a member of the [[Poker Club]] and friend of [[David Hume]], [[Adam Smith]], [[James Hutton]] and other leading figures of the [[Scottish Enlightenment]].
-Where the goal of the cargo cult is to invoke and create, another aspect of sympathetic magic is to protect and control. In a healing rite from Jewish mysticism, a person who wanted bleeding to stop would sit under a drain, as others poured water over him, all saying a formula that predicted that as the water flow stopped, so would the blood flow cease.<font size=1>[[sympathetic magic|['''more...''']]]</font>
+Joseph Black was one of fifteen children (8 sons and 5 daughters surviving). His father, John Black, was a wine merchant; his  mother, Margaret, was from Aberdeenshire. At the age of twelve, he was sent to a grammar school in Belfast to learn Latin and Greek. In 1744 he enrolled at [[Glasgow University]] to study arts, subsequently changing, to study medicine. There, [[William Cullen]] was his instructor in chemistry, and the relation between the two soon became that of professor and assistant rather than of master and pupil. <font size=1>[[Joseph Black|['''more...''']]]</font>
 |}