Europe/Addendum

From Citizendium
< Europe
Revision as of 13:32, 23 December 2010 by imported>Nick Gardner (→‎The states of Europe)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is developing and not approved.
Main Article
Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
Timelines [?]
Addendum [?]
 
This addendum is a continuation of the article Europe.

The states of Europe

state capital official
state
language
European
Union

member
Council
of
Europe

member
NATO
member
GDP/head
2009
$Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag Each table matches with a lower range language family. Languages are presented in a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south.

Basque language

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Basque Spain, France Spain (R) endangered

Indo-European languages

Celtic languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Irish Ireland, United Kingdom Ireland endangered
Scottish Gaelic United Kingdom United Kingdom (R) endangered
Manx Isle of Man endangered
Welsh United Kingdom United Kingdom (R) endangered
Cornish United Kingdom endangered
Breton France endangered

Germanic languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Icelandic Iceland Iceland
Faroese Faroe Islands Faroe Islands (R)
Norwegian Norway Norway
Swedish Sweden, Finland Sweden, Finland
Danish Denmark, Sweden Denmark (endangered in Sweden)
English United Kingdom United Kingdom, Ireland
Frisian Netherlands, Germany endangered
Dutch Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany Netherlands, Belgium
Low German Germany, Netherlands endangered
German Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy, France Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy (R) (endangered in France)
Yiddish scattered across Central Europe endangered

Romance languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Galician-Portuguese Portugal, Spain Portugal, Spain (R) (endangered in Spain)
Asturian-Leonese Spain, Portugal Portugal (R) endangered
Spanish Spain Spain
Aragonese Spain endangered
Catalan Spain, France, Andorra, Italy Andorra, Spain (R) endangered
Occitan France, Italy, Spain, Monaco Spain (R) endangered
Francoprovençal (Arpitan) France, Switzerland, Italy endangered
French France, Belgium, Switzerland, Channel Islands France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco (endangered in the Channel Islands)
Romansh Switzerland Switzerland endangered
Ladin Italy endangered
Friulian Italy endangered
Northern Italian Italy, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia endangered
Italian Italy Italy, Switzerland, San Marino
Corsican France, Italy endangered
Sardinian Italy endangered
Romanian Romania, Moldova, Balkans Romania, Moldova

Baltic languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Latvian Latvia Latvia
Lithuanian Lithuania Lithuania

Slavic languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Sorbian (Lusatian) Germany Germany (R) endangered
Kashubian Poland endangered
Polish Poland Poland
Czech Czechia Czechia
Slovakian Slovakia Slovakia
Belarussian Belarus, Russia Belarus endangered
Ukrainian Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia Ukraine
Russian Russia Russia, Belarus, Moldova (R)
Slovenian Slovenia, Italy, Austria Slovenia (endangered in Italy and Austria)
Croatian (Serbo-Croatian) Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian (Serbo-Croatian) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) (including Montenegrin) Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo
Macedonian Republic of Macedonia, Greece Republic of Macedonia (endangered in Greece)
Bulgarian Bulgaria, Greece Bulgaria (endangered in Greece)

Albanian

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Albanian Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Greece Albania, Kosovo (endangered in Greece)

Greek

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Greek Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Turkey Greece, Albania (endangered in Albania, Turkey and Northern Cyprus)

Indo-Iranian languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status))
vitality
Ossetic Russia, South Ossetia South Ossetia endangered
Zaza Turkey endangered
Kurdish Turkey endangered
language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Romany scattered across Europe endangered

Armenian

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Armenian Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh (endangered in Turkey)

Afro-Asiatic languages

Semitic languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Maltese Malta Malta
Arabic Turkey endangered

Uralic languages

Finno-Ugric languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Sami (Lappish) Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia endangered
Finnish (including Karelian) Finland, Russia, Sweden Finland (endangered in Russia and Sweden)
Estonian Estonia Estonia
Livonian Latvia endangered
Veps Russia endangered
Komi Russia Russia (R) endangered
Udmurt Russia Russia (R) endangered
Mari Russia Russia (R) endangered
Erza Russia Russia (R) endangered
Moksha Russia Russia (R) endangered
Hungarian Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia Hungary (endangered in Slovakia, Romania, Austria and Serbia)

Samoyedic languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Nenets Russia endangered

Altaic languages

Turkic languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Turkish Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria Turkey, Cyprus (endangered in Greece and Bulgaria)
Gagauz Moldova, Ukraine Moldova (R) endangered
Chuvash Russia Russia (R) endangered
Crimean Tatar Ukraine endangered
Volga Tatar Russia Russia (R) endangered
Bashkort (Bashkir) Russia Russia (R) endangered
Kumyk Russia endangered
Karachay-Balkar Russia Russia (R) endangered
Nogay Russia Russia (R) endangered
Azeri Azerbaijan, Iran Azerbaijan

Mongolian

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Mongolian (Kalmyk) Russia Russia (R) endangered

North Caucasian languages

The unity of the North Caucasian family is debated among specialists.

Northwest Caucasian languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Abkhaz-Abaza Abkhazia, Russia Abkhazia endangered
Circassian (Adyghe, Kabardian) Russia Russia (R) endangered

Northeast Caucasian languages

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Chechen Russia Russia (R) endangered
Ingush Russia Russia (R) endangered
many languages in Russia (Daghestan) and Azerbaijan, including: Bats, Avar, Andi, Lak, Dargwa, Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Udi, Rutul, etc. Russia, Azerbaijan (R) (for some of them) endangered

Kartvelian languages (South Caucasian languages)

language approximate
location
official status in:
(R = regional, official status)
vitality
Georgian Georgia Georgia (R)
Svan Georgia endangered
Mingrelian Georgia endangered
Laz Turkey, Georgia endangered

Footnotes