21st United States Congress

United States Capitol

The Twenty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1829 to March 3, 1831, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Andrew Jackson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian or Democratic majority.

1. Dates of sessions

March 4, 1829 - March 3, 1831

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1829 – March 17, 1829
• First session: December 7, 1829 - May 31, 1830
• Second session: December 6, 1830 - March 3, 1831
• Previous congress: 20th Congress
  
• Next congress: 22nd Congress

2. Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate Jacksonian or Democratic (D) : 25 (majority) Anti-Jacksonian or National Republican (NR) : 23 TOTAL members: 48

House of Representatives Jacksonian or Democratic (D) : 136 (majority) Anti-Jacksonian or National Republican (NR) : 72 Anti Masonic (AM) : 5 TOTAL members: 213

3. Leadership

President of the Senate
Vice President
John C. Calhoun

Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • John C. Calhoun, Democratic of South Carolina
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Samuel Smith, Democratic of Maryland, first elected March 13, 1829

House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Andrew Stevenson, Democratic of Virginia, elected December 7, 1829

4. Major events

• March 4, 1829 -- Andrew Jackson became President of the United States

5. Major legislation

• May 28, 1830 -- Indian Removal Act, ch. 148, US Statute 4#411

6. Membership highlights by chamber

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.

President pro tempore
Samuel Smith

Alabama 2: William R. D. King (D) 3: John McKinley (D) Connecticut 3: Calvin Willey (NR) 1: Samuel A. Foote (NR) Delaware 1: Louis McLane (D) Arnold Naudain (NR) 2: John M. Clayton (NR) Georgia 3: John Macpherson Berrien (D) John Forsyth (D) 2: George M. Troup (D) Illinois 3: Elias K. Kane (D) 2: John McLean (D) David J. Baker (D) John M. Robinson (D) Indiana 1: James Noble (NR) 3: William Hendricks (NR) Kentucky 3: John Rowan (D) 2: George M. Bibb (D) Louisiana 3: Josiah S. Johnston (NR) 2: Edward Livingston (D)

Maine 1: John Holmes (NR) 2: Peleg Sprague (NR) Maryland 1: Samuel Smith (D) 3: Ezekiel F. Chambers (NR) Massachusetts 2: Nathaniel Silsbee (NR) 1: Daniel Webster (NR) Mississippi 1: Powhatan Ellis (D) 2: Thomas B. Reed (D) Robert H. Adams (D) George Poindexter (D) Missouri 3: David Barton (NR) 1: Thomas H. Benton (D) New Hampshire 2: Samuel Bell (NR) 3: Levi Woodbury (D) New Jersey 1: Mahlon Dickerson (D) 2: Theodore Frelinghuysen (NR) New York 3: Nathan Sanford (NR) 1: Charles E. Dudley (D)

North Carolina 2: John Branch (D) Bedford Brown (D) 3: James Iredell, Jr. (D) Ohio 1: Benjamin Ruggles (NR) 3: Jacob Burnet (NR) Pennsylvania 3: William Marks (NR) 1: Isaac D. Barnard (D) Rhode Island 2: Nehemiah R. Knight (NR) 1: Asher Robbins (NR) South Carolina 2: Robert Y. Hayne (D) 3: William Smith (D) Tennessee 1: John H. Eaton (D) Felix Grundy (D) 2: Hugh Lawson White (D) Vermont 1: Horatio Seymour (NR) 3: Dudley Chase (NR) Virginia 2: Littleton W. Tazewell (D) 1: John Tyler (D)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Speaker of the House
Andrew Stevenson

Alabama 1: Clement C. Clay (D) 2: Robert E. B. Baylor (D) 3: Dixon H. Lewis (D) Connecticut A/L: Noyes Barber (NR) A/L: William W. Ellsworth (NR) A/L: Jabez W. Huntington (NR) A/L: Ralph I. Ingersoll (NR) A/L: William L. Storrs (NR) A/L: Ebenezer Young (NR) Delaware A/L: Kensey Johns, Jr. (NR) Georgia A/L: Thomas F. Foster (D) A/L: Charles E. Haynes (D) A/L: Henry G. Lamar (D) A/L: Wilson Lumpkin (D) A/L: Wiley Thompson (D) A/L: James M. Wayne (D) A/L: Richard Henry Wilde (D) Illinois A/L: Joseph Duncan (D) Indiana 1: Ratliff Boon (D) 2: Jonathan Jennings (NR) 3: John Test (NR) Kentucky 1: Henry Daniel (D) 2: Nicholas D. Coleman (D) 3: James Clark (NR) 4: Robert P. Letcher (NR) 5: Richard M. Johnson (D) 6: Joseph Lecompte (D) 7: John Kincaid (D) 8: Nathan Gaither (D) 9: Charles A. Wickliffe (D) 10: Joel Yancey (D) 11: Thomas Chilton (D) 12: Chittenden Lyon (D) Louisiana 1: Edward D. White (NR) 2: Henry H. Gurley (NR) 3: Walter H. Overton (D) Maine 1}: Rufus McIntire (D) 2}: John Anderson (D) 3}: Joseph F. Wingate (NR) 4}: George Evans (NR) 5}: James W. Ripley (D) Cornelius Holland (D) 6}: Leonard Jarvis (D) 7}: Samuel Butman (NR) Maryland 1: Clement Dorsey (NR) 2: Benedict J. Semmes (NR) 3: George C. Washington (NR) 4: Michael C. Sprigg (D) 5: Elias Brown (D) 5: Benjamin C. Howard (D) 6: George E. Mitchell (D) 7: Richard Spencer (D) 8: Ephraim K. Wilson (D) Massachusetts 1: Benjamin Gorham (NR) 2: Benjamin W. Crowninshield (NR) 3: John Varnum (NR) 4: Edward Everett (NR) 5: John Davis (NR) 6: Joseph G. Kendall (NR) 7: George J. Grennell, Jr. (NR) 8: Isaac C. Bates (NR) 9: Henry W. Dwight (NR) 10: John Bailey (NR) 11: Joseph Richardson (NR) 12: James L. Hodges (NR) 1}: John Reed, Jr. (NR) Mississippi A/L}: Thomas Hinds (D)

Missouri A/L: Spencer D. Pettis (D) New Hampshire A/L: John Brodhead (D) A/L: Thomas Chandler (D) A/L: Joseph Hammons (D) A/L: Jonathan Harvey (D) A/L: Henry Hubbard (D) A/L: John W. Weeks (D) New Jersey A/L: Lewis Condict (NR) A/L: Richard M. Cooper (NR) A/L: Thomas H. Hughes (NR) A/L: Isaac Pierson (NR) A/L: James F. Randolph (NR) A/L: Samuel Swan (NR) New York 1: James Lent (D) 2: Jacob Crocheron (D) 3: Churchill C. Cambreleng (D) 3: Gulian C. Verplanck (D) 3: Campbell P. White (D) 4: Henry B. Cowles (NR) 5: Abraham Bockee (D) 6: Hector Craig (D) Samuel W. Eager (NR) 7: Charles G. DeWitt (D) 8: James Strong (NR) 9: John D. Dickinson (NR) 10: Ambrose Spencer (NR) 11: Perkins King (D) 12: Peter I. Borst (D) 13: William G. Angel (D) 14: Henry R. Storrs (NR) 15: Michael Hoffman (D) 16: Benedict Arnold (NR) 17: John W. Taylor (NR) 18: Henry C. Martindale (NR) 19: Isaac Finch (NR) 20: Joseph Hawkins (NR) 20: George Fisher (D) Silas Wright, Jr. (NR) Jonah Sanford (D) 21: Robert Monell (D) 22: Thomas Beekman (NR) 23: Jonas Earll, Jr. (D) 24: Gershom Powers (D) 25: Thomas Maxwell (D) 26: Jehiel H. Halsey (D) 26: Robert S. Rose (AM) 27: Timothy Childs (AM) 28: John Magee (D) 29: Phineas L. Tracy (AM) 30: Ebenezer F. Norton (D) North Carolina 1: William B. Shepard (NR) 2: Willis Alston (D) 3: Thomas H. Hall (D) 4: Jesse Speight (D) 5: Gabriel Holmes (D) Edward B. Dudley (D) 6: Robert Potter (D) 7: Edmund Deberry (NR) 8: Daniel L. Barringer (D) 9: Augustine H. Shepperd (D) 10: Abraham Rencher (D) 11: Henry W. Connor (D) 12: Samuel P. Carson (D) 13: Lewis Williams (NR) Ohio 1: James Findlay (D) 2: James Shields (D) 3: Joseph H. Crane (NR) 4: Joseph Vance (NR) 5: William Russell (D) 6: William Creighton, Jr. (NR) 7: Samuel F. Vinton (NR) 8: William Stanbery (D) 9: William W. Irvin (D) 10: William Kennon, Sr. (D) 11: John M. Goodenow (D) Humphrey H. Leavitt (D) 12: John Thomson (D) 13: Elisha Whittlesey (NR) 14: Mordecai Bartley (NR)

Pennsylvania 1: Joel B. Sutherland (D) 2: Joseph Hemphill (D) 3: Daniel H. Miller (D) 4: James Buchanan (D) 4: Joshua Evans, Jr. (D) 4: George G. Leiper (D) 5: John B. Sterigere (D) 6: Innis Green (D) 7: Joseph Fry, Jr. (D) 7: Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (D) 8: Samuel D. Ingham (D) Peter Ihrie, Jr. (D) 8: George Wolf (D) Samuel A. Smith (D) 9: James Ford (D) 9: Alem Marr (D) 9: Philander Stephens (D) 10: Adam King (D) 11: Thomas H. Crawford (D) 11: William Ramsey (D) 12: John Scott (D) 13: Chauncey Forward (D) 14: Thomas Irwin (D) 15: William McCreery (D) 16: William Wilkins (D) Harmar Denny (AM) 16: John Gilmore (D) 17: Richard Coulter (D) 18: Thomas H. Sill (NR) Rhode Island A/L: Tristam Burges (NR) A/L: Dutee J. Pearce (NR) South Carolina 1: William Drayton (D) 2: Robert W. Barnwell (D) 3: John Campbell (D) 4: William D. Martin (D) 5: George McDuffie (D) 6: Warren R. Davis (D) 7: William T. Nuckolls (D) 8: James Blair (D) 9: Starling Tucker (D) Tennessee 1: John Blair (D) 2: Pryor Lea (D) 3: James I. Standifer (D) 4: Jacob C. Isacks (D) 5: Robert Desha (D) 6: James K. Polk (D) 7: John Bell (D) 8: Cave Johnson (D) 9: David Crockett (NR) Vermont 1: Jonathan Hunt (NR) 2: Rollin C. Mallary (NR) 3: Horace Everett (NR) 4: Benjamin Swift (NR) 5: William Cahoon (AM) Virginia 1: Thomas Newton, Jr. (NR) George Loyall (D) 2: James Trezvant (D) 3: William S. Archer (D) 4: Mark Alexander (D) 5: Thomas T. Bouldin (D) 6: Thomas Davenport (D) 7: Nathaniel H. Claiborne (D) 8: Richard Coke, Jr. (D) 9: Andrew Stevenson (D) 10: William C. Rives (D) William F. Gordon (D) 11: Philip P. Barbour (D) John M. Patton (D) 12: John Roane (D) 13: John Taliaferro (NR) 14: Charles F. Mercer (NR) 15: John S. Barbour (D) 16: William Armstrong (NR) 17: Robert Allen (D) 18: Philip Doddridge (NR) 19: William McCoy (D) 20: Robert Craig (D) 21: Lewis Maxwell (NR) 22: Alexander Smyth (D) Joseph Draper (D)

Delegates Arkansas Territory A/L: Ambrose H. Sevier (D) Florida Territory A/L: Joseph M. White Michigan Territory A/L: John Biddle (NR)

7. Membership detail by state

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

Alabama

Senate

• 2: William R. D. King (1786-1853), Democratic
• 3: John McKinley (1780-1852), Democratic

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Clement C. Clay (1789-1866), Democratic
• 2: Robert E. B. Baylor (1793-1874), Democratic
• 3: Dixon H. Lewis (1802-1848), Democratic

Connecticut

Senate

• 3: Calvin Willey (1776-1858), National Republican
• 1: Samuel A. Foote (1780-1846), National Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• A/L: Noyes Barber (1781-1844), National Republican
• A/L: William W. Ellsworth (1791-1868), National Republican
• A/L: Jabez W. Huntington (1788-1847), National Republican
• A/L: Ralph I. Ingersoll (1789-1872), National Republican
• A/L: William L. Storrs (1795-1861), National Republican
• A/L: Ebenezer Young (1783-1851), National Republican

Delaware

Senate

• 1: Louis McLane (1786-1857), Democratic …resigned April 16, 1829.

  Arnold Naudain (1790-1872), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, January 7, 1830.

• 2: John M. Clayton (1796-1856), National Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Kensey Johns, Jr. (1791-1857), National Republican

Georgia

Senate

• 3: John Macpherson Berrien (1781-1856), Democratic …resigned March 9, 1829.

  John Forsyth (1780-1841), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, November 9, 1829.

• 2: George M. Troup (1780-1856), Democratic

House of Representatives (7 seats)

• A/L: Thomas F. Foster (1790-1848), Democratic
• A/L: Charles E. Haynes (1784-1841), Democratic
• A/L: Henry G. Lamar (1798-1861), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1829.
• A/L: Wilson Lumpkin (1783-1870), Democratic
• A/L: Wiley Thompson (1781-1835), Democratic
• A/L: James M. Wayne (1790-1867), Democratic
• A/L: Richard Henry Wilde (1789-1847), Democratic

Illinois

Senate

• 3: Elias K. Kane (1794-1835), Democratic
• 2: John McLean (1791-1830), Democratic …died October 14, 1830.

  David J. Baker (1792-1869), Democratic …appointed to fill vacancy, November 12, 1830.

  John M. Robinson (1794-1843), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, December 11, 1830.

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Joseph Duncan (1794-1844), Democratic

Indiana

Senate

• 1: James Noble (1785-1831), National Republican …died February 26, 1831.
• 3: William Hendricks (1782-1850), National Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Ratliff Boon (1781-1844), Democratic
• 2: Jonathan Jennings (1784-1834), National Republican
• 3: John Test (1771-1849), National Republican

Kentucky

Senate

• 3: John Rowan (1773-1843), Democratic
• 2: George M. Bibb (1776-1859), Democratic

House of Representatives (12 seats)

• 1: Henry Daniel (1786-1873), Democratic
• 2: Nicholas D. Coleman (1800-1874), Democratic
• 3: James Clark (1770-1839), National Republican
• 4: Robert P. Letcher (1788-1861), National Republican
• 5: Richard M. Johnson (1780-1850), Democratic
• 6: Joseph Lecompte (1797-1851), Democratic
• 7: John Kincaid (1791-1873), Democratic
• 8: Nathan Gaither (1788-1862), Democratic
• 9: Charles A. Wickliffe (1788-1869), Democratic
• 10: Joel Yancey (1773-1838), Democratic
• 11: Thomas Chilton (1798-1854), Democratic
• 12: Chittenden Lyon (1787-1842), Democratic

Louisiana

Senate

• 3: Josiah S. Johnston (1784-1833), National Republican
• 2: Edward Livingston (1764-1836), Democratic

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Edward D. White (1795-1847), National Republican
• 2: Henry H. Gurley (1788-1833), National Republican
• 3: Walter H. Overton (1788-1845), Democratic

Maine

Senate

• 1: John Holmes (1773-1843), National Republican
• 2: Peleg Sprague (1793-1880), National Republican

House of Representatives (7 seats)

• 1: Rufus McIntire (1784-1866), Democratic
• 2: John Anderson (1792-1853), Democratic
• 3: Joseph F. Wingate (1786- ), National Republican
• 4: George Evans (1797-1867), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, seated December 7, 1829.
• 5: James W. Ripley (1786-1835), Democratic …resigned March 12, 1830.

  Cornelius Holland (1783-1870), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 6: Leonard Jarvis (1781-1854), Democratic
• 7: Samuel Butman (1788-1864), National Republican

Maryland

Senate

• 1: Samuel Smith (1752-1839), Democratic
• 3: Ezekiel F. Chambers (1788-1867), National Republican

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: Clement Dorsey (1778-1848), National Republican
• 2: Benedict J. Semmes (1789-1863), National Republican
• 3: George C. Washington (1789-1854), National Republican
• 4: Michael C. Sprigg (1791-1845), Democratic
• 5: Elias Brown (1793-1857), Democratic
• 5: Benjamin C. Howard (1791-1872), Democratic
• 6: George E. Mitchell (1781-1832), Democratic
• 7: Richard Spencer (1796-1868), Democratic
• 8: Ephraim K. Wilson (1771-1834), Democratic

Massachusetts

Senate

• 2: Nathaniel Silsbee (1773-1850), National Republican
• 1: Daniel Webster (1782-1852), National Republican

House of Representatives (13 seats)

• 1: Benjamin Gorham (1775-1855), National Republican
• 2: Benjamin W. Crowninshield (1772-1851), National Republican
• 3: John Varnum (1778-1836), National Republican
• 4: Edward Everett (1794-1865), National Republican
• 5: John Davis (1787-1854), National Republican
• 6: Joseph G. Kendall (1788-1847), National Republican
• 7: George J. Grennell, Jr. (1786-1877), National Republican
• 8: Isaac C. Bates (1779-1845), National Republican
• 9: Henry W. Dwight (1788-1845), National Republican
• 10: John Bailey (1786-1835), National Republican
• 11: Joseph Richardson (1778-1871), National Republican
• 12: James L. Hodges (1790-1846), National Republican
• 13: John Reed, Jr. (1781-1860), National Republican

Mississippi

Senate

• 1: Powhatan Ellis (1790-1863), Democratic
• 2: Thomas B. Reed (1787-1829), Democratic …died November 26, 1829.

  Robert H. Adams (1792-1830), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy January 6, 1830, died July 2, 1830.

  George Poindexter (1779-1853), Democratic …appointed to fill vacancy, October 15, 1830, subsequently elected.

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Thomas Hinds (1780-1840), Democratic

Missouri

Senate

• 3: David Barton (1783-1837), National Republican
• 1: Thomas H. Benton (1782-1858), Democratic

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Spencer D. Pettis (1802-1829), Democratic

New Hampshire

Senate

• 2: Samuel Bell (1770-1850), National Republican
• 3: Levi Woodbury (1789-1851), Democratic

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• A/L: John Brodhead (1770-1838), Democratic
• A/L: Thomas Chandler (1772-1866), Democratic
• A/L: Joseph Hammons (1787-1836), Democratic
• A/L: Jonathan Harvey (1780-1859), Democratic
• A/L: Henry Hubbard (1784-1857), Democratic
• A/L: John W. Weeks (1781-1853), Democratic

New Jersey

Senate

• 1: Mahlon Dickerson (1770-1853), Democratic
• 2: Theodore Frelinghuysen (1787-1862), National Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• A/L: Lewis Condict (1772-1862), National Republican
• A/L: Richard M. Cooper (1768-1843), National Republican
• A/L: Thomas H. Hughes (1769-1839), National Republican
• A/L: Isaac Pierson (1770-1833), National Republican
• A/L: James F. Randolph (1791-1872), National Republican
• A/L: Samuel Swan (1771-1844), National Republican

New York

Senate

• 3: Nathan Sanford (1777-1838), National Republican
• 1: Charles E. Dudley (1780-1841), Democratic

House of Representatives (34 seats)

• 1: James Lent (1782-1833), Democratic
• 2: Jacob Crocheron (1774-1849), Democratic
• 3: Churchill C. Cambreleng (1786-1862), Democratic
• 3: Gulian C. Verplanck (1786-1870), Democratic
• 3: Campbell P. White (1787-1859), Democratic
• 4: Henry B. Cowles (1798-1873), National Republican
• 5: Abraham Bockee (1784-1865), Democratic
• 6: Hector Craig (1775-1842), Democratic …resigned July 12, 1830.

  Samuel W. Eager (1789-1860), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 7: Charles G. DeWitt (1789-1839), Democratic
• 8: James Strong (1783-1847), National Republican
• 9: John D. Dickinson (1767-1841), National Republican
• 10: Ambrose Spencer (1765-1848), National Republican
• 11: Perkins King (1784-1857), Democratic
• 12: Peter I. Borst (1797-1848), Democratic
• 13: William G. Angel (1790-1858), Democratic
• 14: Henry R. Storrs (1787-1837), National Republican
• 15: Michael Hoffman (1787-1848), Democratic
• 16: Benedict Arnold (1780-1849), National Republican
• 17: John W. Taylor (1784-1854), National Republican
• 18: Henry C. Martindale (1780-1860), National Republican
• 19: Isaac Finch (1783-1845), National Republican
• 20: Joseph Hawkins (1781-1832), National Republican
• 20: George Fisher (1788-1861), Democratic …contested election, served until February 5, 1830.

  Silas Wright, Jr. National Republican …contested election, never served, resigned March 9, 1830.

  Jonah Sanford (1790-1867), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 21: Robert Monell (1786-1860), Democratic …resigned February 21, 1830.
• 22: Thomas Beekman ( - ), National Republican
• 23: Jonas Earll, Jr. (1786-1846), Democratic
• 24: Gershom Powers (1789-1831), Democratic
• 25: Thomas Maxwell (1792-1864), Democratic
• 26: Jehiel H. Halsey (1788-1867), Democratic
• 26: Robert S. Rose (1774-1835), Anti-Masonic
• 27: Timothy Childs (1785-1847), Anti-Masonic
• 28: John Magee (1794-1868), Democratic
• 29: Phineas L. Tracy (1786-1876), Anti-Masonic
• 30: Ebenezer F. Norton (1774-1851), Democratic

North Carolina

Senate

• 2: John Branch (1782-1863), Democratic …resigned March 9, 1829.

  Bedford Brown (1795-1870), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, December 9, 1829.

• 3: James Iredell, Jr. (1788-1853), Democratic

House of Representatives (13 seats)

• 1: Augustine H. Shepperd (1792-1864), Democratic
• 2: Willis Alston (1769-1837), Democratic
• 3: Thomas H. Hall (1773-1853), Democratic
• 4: Jesse Speight (1795-1847), Democratic
• 5: Gabriel Holmes (1769-1829), Democratic …died September 26, 1829, before Congress assembled.

  Edward B. Dudley (1789-1855), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 14, 1829.

• 6: Robert Potter (1800c-1842), Democratic
• 7: Edmund Deberry (1787-1859), National Republican
• 8: Daniel L. Barringer (1788-1852), Democratic
• 9: William B. Shepard (1799-1852), National Republican
• 10: Abraham Rencher (1798-1883), Democratic
• 11: Henry W. Connor (1793-1866), Democratic
• 12: Samuel P. Carson (1798-1838), Democratic
• 13: Lewis Williams (1782-1842), National Republican

Ohio

Senate

• 1: Benjamin Ruggles (1783-1857), National Republican
• 3: Jacob Burnet (1770-1853), National Republican

House of Representatives (14 seats)

• 1: James Findlay (1770-1835), Democratic
• 2: James Shields (1762-1831), Democratic
• 3: Joseph H. Crane (1782-1851), National Republican
• 4: Joseph Vance (1786-1852), National Republican
• 5: William Russell (1782-1845), Democratic
• 6: William Creighton, Jr. (1778-1851), National Republican
• 7: Samuel F. Vinton (1792-1862), National Republican
• 8: William Stanbery (1788-1873), Democratic
• 9: William W. Irvin (1778c-1842), Democratic
• 10: William Kennon, Sr. (1793-1881), Democratic
• 11: John M. Goodenow (1782-1838), Democratic …resigned April 9, 1830, before Congress assembled.

  Humphrey H. Leavitt (1796-1873), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 12: John Thomson (1780-1852), Democratic
• 13: Elisha Whittlesey (1783-1863), National Republican
• 14: Mordecai Bartley (1783-1870), National Republican

Pennsylvania

Senate

• 3: William Marks (1778-1858), National Republican
• 1: Isaac D. Barnard (1791-1834), Democratic

House of Representatives (26 seats)

• 1: Joel B. Sutherland (1792-1861), Democratic
• 2: Joseph Hemphill (1770-1842), Democratic
• 3: Daniel H. Miller ( -1846), Democratic
• 4: James Buchanan (1791-1868), Democratic
• 4: Joshua Evans, Jr. (1777-1846), Democratic
• 4: George G. Leiper (1786-1868), Democratic
• 5: John B. Sterigere (1793-1852), Democratic
• 6: Innis Green (1776-1839), Democratic
• 7: Joseph Fry, Jr. (1781-1860), Democratic
• 7: Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (1782-1844), Democratic
• 8: Samuel D. Ingham (1779-1860), Democratic …resigned before Congress assembled.

  Peter Ihrie, Jr. (1796-1871), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1829.

• 8: George Wolf (1777-1840), Democratic …resigned before Congress assembled.

  Samuel A. Smith (1795-1861), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1829.

• 9: James Ford (1783-1859), Democratic
• 9: Alem Marr (1787-1843), Democratic
• 9: Philander Stephens (1788-1842), Democratic
• 10: Adam King (1790-1835), Democratic
• 11: Thomas H. Crawford (1786-1863), Democratic
• 11: William Ramsey (1779-1831), Democratic
• 12: John Scott (1784-1850), Democratic
• 13: Chauncey Forward (1793-1839), Democratic
• 14: Thomas Irwin (1785-1870), Democratic
• 15: William McCreery (1786-1841), Democratic
• 16: William Wilkins (1779-1865), Democratic …resigned before Congress assembled.

  Harmar Denny (1794-1852), Anti-Masonic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 30, 1829.

• 16: John Gilmore (1780-1845), Democratic
• 17: Richard Coulter (1788-1852), Democratic
• 18: Thomas H. Sill (1783-1856), National Republican

Rhode Island

Senate

• 2: Nehemiah R. Knight (1780-1854), National Republican
• 1: Asher Robbins (1757-1845), National Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• A/L: Tristam Burges (1770-1853), National Republican
• A/L: Dutee J. Pearce (1789-1849), National Republican

South Carolina

Senate

• 2: Robert Y. Hayne (1791-1839), Democratic
• 3: William Smith (1762-1840), Democratic

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: William Drayton (1776-1846), Democratic
• 2: Robert W. Barnwell (1801-1882), Democratic
• 3: John Campbell ( -1845), Democratic
• 4: William D. Martin (1789-1833), Democratic
• 5: George McDuffie (1790-1851), Democratic
• 6: Warren R. Davis (1793-1835), Democratic
• 7: William T. Nuckolls (1801-1855), Democratic
• 8: James Blair (1790c-1834), Democratic
• 9: Starling Tucker (1770-1834), Democratic

Tennessee

Senate

• 1: John H. Eaton (1790-1856), Democratic …resigned March 9, 1829.

  Felix Grundy (1777-1840), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, October 19, 1829.

• 2: Hugh Lawson White (1773-1840), Democratic

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: John Blair (1790-1863), Democratic
• 2: Pryor Lea (1794-1879), Democratic
• 3: James I. Standifer (1782-1837), Democratic
• 4: Jacob C. Isacks ( - ), Democratic
• 5: Robert Desha (1791-1849), Democratic
• 6: James K. Polk (1795-1849), Democratic
• 7: John Bell (1797-1869), Democratic
• 8: Cave Johnson (1793-1866), Democratic
• 9: David Crockett (1786-1836), National Republican

Vermont

Senate

• 1: Horatio Seymour (1778-1857), National Republican
• 3: Dudley Chase (1771-1846), National Republican

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: Jonathan Hunt (1787-1832), National Republican
• 2: Rollin C. Mallary (1784-1831), National Republican
• 3: Horace Everett (1779-1851), National Republican
• 4: Benjamin Swift (1781-1847), National Republican
• 5: William Cahoon (1774-1833), Anti-Masonic

Virginia

Senate

• 2: Littleton W. Tazewell (1774-1860), Democratic
• 1: John Tyler (1790-1862), Democratic

House of Representatives (22 seats)

• 1: Thomas Newton, Jr. (1768-1847), National Republican …contested election, served until March 9, 1830.

  George Loyall (1789-1868), Democratic …contested election, seated March 9, 1830.

• 2: James Trezvant ( -1841), Democratic
• 3: William S. Archer (1789-1855), Democratic
• 4: Mark Alexander (1792-1883), Democratic
• 5: Thomas T. Bouldin (1781-1834), Democratic
• 6: Thomas Davenport ( -1838), Democratic
• 7: Nathaniel H. Claiborne (1777-1859), Democratic
• 8: Richard Coke, Jr. (1790-1851), Democratic
• 9: Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857), Democratic
• 10: William C. Rives (1793-1868), Democratic …resigned in 1829.

  William F. Gordon (1787-1858), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 25, 1830.

• 11: Philip P. Barbour (1783-1841), Democratic …resigned October 15, 1830.

  John M. Patton (1797-1858), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 12: John Roane (1766-1838), Democratic
• 13: John Taliaferro (1768-1852), National Republican
• 14: Charles F. Mercer (1778-1858), National Republican
• 15: John S. Barbour (1790-1855), Democratic
• 16: William Armstrong (1782-1865), National Republican
• 17: Robert Allen (1794-1859), Democratic
• 18: Philip Doddridge (1773-1832), National Republican
• 19: William McCoy ( -1864), Democratic
• 20: Robert Craig (1792-1852), Democratic
• 21: Lewis Maxwell (1790-1862), National Republican
• 22: Alexander Smyth (1765-1830), Democratic …died April 17, 1830.

  Joseph Draper (1794-1834), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

Delegates

Arkansas Territory

• A/L: Ambrose H. Sevier (1801-1848), Democratic

Florida Territory

• A/L: Joseph M. White (1781-1839),

Michigan Territory

• A/L: John Biddle (1792-1859), National Republican …resigned February 21, 1831.

8. Membership detail by Chamber/Party

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

Democratic

A-F Robert H. Adams, Mississippi David J. Baker, Illinois Isaac D. Barnard, Pennsylvania Thomas H. Benton, Missouri John Macpherson Berrien, Georgia George M. Bibb, Kentucky John Branch, North Carolina Bedford Brown, North Carolina Mahlon Dickerson, New Jersey Charles E. Dudley, New York John H. Eaton, Tennessee Powhatan Ellis, Mississippi John Forsyth, Georgia

G-L Felix Grundy, Tennessee Robert Y. Hayne, South Carolina James Iredell, Jr., North Carolina Elias K. Kane, Illinois William R. D. King, Alabama Edward Livingston, Louisiana M-R John McKinley, Alabama Louis McLane, Delaware John McLean, Illinois George Poindexter, Mississippi Thomas B. Reed, Mississippi John M. Robinson, Illinois John Rowan, Kentucky

S-Z Samuel Smith, Maryland William Smith South Carolina Littleton W. Tazewell, Virginia George M. Troup, Georgia John Tyler, Virginia Hugh Lawson White, Tennessee Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire

National Republican

A-F David Barton, Missouri Samuel Bell, New Hampshire Jacob Burnet, Ohio Ezekiel F. Chambers, Maryland Dudley Chase, Vermont John M. Clayton, Delaware Samuel A. Foote, Connecticut Theodore Frelinghuysen, New Jersey

G-L William Hendricks, Indiana John Holmes, Maine Josiah S. Johnston, Louisiana Nehemiah R. Knight, Rhode Island M-R William Marks, Pennsylvania Arnold Naudain, Delaware James Noble, Indiana Asher Robbins, Rhode Island Benjamin Ruggles, Ohio

S-Z Nathan Sanford, New York Horatio Seymour, Vermont Nathaniel Silsbee, Massachusetts Peleg Sprague, Maine Daniel Webster, Massachusetts Calvin Willey, Connecticut

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

Democratic

A-B-C Mark Alexander, Virginia Robert Allen Virginia Willis Alston, North Carolina John Anderson, Maine William G. Angel, New York William S. Archer, Virginia John S. Barbour, Virginia Philip P. Barbour, Virginia Robert W. Barnwell, South Carolina Daniel L. Barringer, North Carolina Robert E. B. Baylor, Alabama John Bell, Tennessee James Blair, South Carolina John Blair, Tennessee Abraham Bockee, New York Ratliff Boon, Indiana Peter I. Borst, New York Thomas T. Bouldin, Virginia John Brodhead, New Hampshire Elias Brown, Maryland James Buchanan, Pennsylvania Churchill C. Cambreleng, New York John Campbell, South Carolina Samuel P. Carson, North Carolina Thomas Chandler, New Hampshire Thomas Chilton, Kentucky Nathaniel H. Claiborne, Virginia Clement C. Clay, Alabama Richard Coke, Jr., Virginia Nicholas D. Coleman, Kentucky Henry W. Connor, North Carolina Richard Coulter, Pennsylvania Hector Craig, New York Robert Craig, Virginia Thomas H. Crawford, Pennsylvania Jacob Crocheron, New York D-E-F Henry Daniel, Kentucky Thomas Davenport, Virginia Warren R. Davis, South Carolina Charles G. DeWitt, New York Robert Desha, Tennessee Joseph Draper, Virginia William Drayton, South Carolina Edward B. Dudley, North Carolina Joseph Duncan, Illinois Jonas Earll, Jr., New York Joshua Evans, Jr., Pennsylvania James Findlay, Ohio George Fisher, New York James Ford, Pennsylvania Chauncey Forward, Pennsylvania Thomas F. Foster, Georgia Joseph Fry, Jr., Pennsylvania

G-H-I Nathan Gaither, Kentucky John Gilmore, Pennsylvania John M. Goodenow, Ohio William F. Gordon, Virginia Innis Green, Pennsylvania Thomas H. Hall, North Carolina Jehiel H. Halsey, New York Joseph Hammons, New Hampshire Jonathan Harvey, New Hampshire Charles E. Haynes, Georgia Joseph Hemphill, Pennsylvania Thomas Hinds, Mississippi Michael Hoffman, New York Cornelius Holland, Maine Gabriel Holmes, North Carolina Benjamin C. Howard, Maryland Henry Hubbard, New Hampshire Peter Ihrie, Jr., Pennsylvania Samuel D. Ingham, Pennsylvania William W. Irvin, Ohio Thomas Irwin, Pennsylvania Jacob C. Isacks, Tennessee J-K-L Leonard Jarvis, Maine Cave Johnson, Tennessee Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky William Kennon, Sr., Ohio John Kincaid, Kentucky Adam King, Pennsylvania Perkins King, New York Henry G. Lamar, Georgia Pryor Lea, Tennessee Humphrey H. Leavitt, Ohio Joseph Lecompte, Kentucky George G. Leiper, Pennsylvania James Lent, New York Dixon H. Lewis, Alabama George Loyall, Virginia Wilson Lumpkin, Georgia Chittenden Lyon, Kentucky M-N-O John Magee, New York Alem Marr, Pennsylvania William D. Martin, South Carolina Thomas Maxwell, New York William McCoy, Virginia William McCreery, Pennsylvania George McDuffie, South Carolina Rufus McIntire, Maine Daniel H. Miller, Pennsylvania George E. Mitchell, Maryland Robert Monell, New York Henry A. P. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania Ebenezer F. Norton, New York William T. Nuckolls, South Carolina Walter H. Overton, Louisiana

P-Q-R John M. Patton, Virginia Spencer D. Pettis, Missouri James K. Polk, Tennessee Robert Potter, North Carolina Gershom Powers, New York William Ramsey, Pennsylvania Abraham Rencher, North Carolina James W. Ripley, Maine William C. Rives, Virginia John Roane, Virginia William Russell , Ohio S-T-U-V Jonah Sanford, New York John Scott, Pennsylvania Augustine H. Shepperd, North Carolina James Shields, Ohio Samuel A. Smith, Pennsylvania Alexander Smyth, Virginia Jesse Speight, North Carolina Richard Spencer, Maryland Michael C. Sprigg, Maryland William Stanbery, Ohio James I. Standifer, Tennessee Philander Stephens, Pennsylvania John B. Sterigere, Pennsylvania Andrew Stevenson, Virginia Joel B. Sutherland, Pennsylvania Wiley Thompson, Georgia John Thomson, Ohio James Trezvant, Virginia Starling Tucker, South Carolina Gulian C. Verplanck, New York W-X-Y-Z James M. Wayne, Georgia John W. Weeks, New Hampshire Campbell P. White, New York Charles A. Wickliffe, Kentucky Richard Henry Wilde, Georgia William Wilkins, Pennsylvania Ephraim K. Wilson, Maryland George Wolf, Pennsylvania Joel Yancey, Kentucky

National Republican

A-B-C William Armstrong, Virginia Benedict Arnold, New York John Bailey, Massachusetts Noyes Barber, Connecticut Mordecai Bartley, Ohio Isaac C. Bates, Massachusetts Thomas Beekman, New York Tristam Burges, Rhode Island Samuel Butman, Maine James Clark, Kentucky Lewis Condict, New Jersey Richard M. Cooper, New Jersey Henry B. Cowles, New York Joseph H. Crane, Ohio William Creighton, Jr., Ohio David Crockett, Tennessee Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts D-E-F John Davis, Massachusetts Edmund Deberry, North Carolina John D. Dickinson, New York Philip Doddridge, Virginia Clement Dorsey, Maryland Henry W. Dwight, Massachusetts Samuel W. Eager, New York William W. Ellsworth, Connecticut George Evans, Maine Edward Everett, Massachusetts Horace Everett, Vermont Isaac Finch, New York

G-H-I Benjamin Gorham, Massachusetts George J. Grennell, Jr., Massachusetts Henry H. Gurley, Louisiana Joseph Hawkins, New York James L. Hodges, Massachusetts Thomas H. Hughes, New Jersey Jonathan Hunt, Vermont Jabez W. Huntington, Connecticut Ralph I. Ingersoll, Connecticut J-K-L Jonathan Jennings, Indiana Kensey Johns, Jr., Delaware Joseph G. Kendall, Massachusetts Robert P. Letcher, Kentucky M-N-O Rollin C. Mallary, Vermont Henry C. Martindale, New York Lewis Maxwell, Virginia Charles F. Mercer, Virginia Thomas Newton, Jr., Virginia P-Q-R Dutee J. Pearce, Rhode Island Isaac Pierson, New Jersey James F. Randolph, New Jersey John Reed, Jr., Massachusetts Joseph Richardson, Massachusetts

S-T-U-V Benedict J. Semmes, Maryland William B. Shepard, North Carolina Thomas H. Sill, Pennsylvania Ambrose Spencer, New York Henry R. Storrs, New York William L. Storrs, Connecticut James Strong, New York Samuel Swan, New Jersey Benjamin Swift, Vermont John Taliaferro, Virginia John W. Taylor, New York John Test, Indiana Joseph Vance, Ohio John Varnum, Massachusetts Samuel F. Vinton, Ohio W-X-Y-Z George C. Washington, Maryland Edward D. White, Louisiana Elisha Whittlesey, Ohio Lewis Williams, North Carolina Joseph F. Wingate, Maine Ebenezer Young, Connecticut

Anti-Masonic

William Cahoon, Vermont Timothy Childs, New York Harmar Denny, Pennsylvania Robert S. Rose, New York Phineas L. Tracy, New York

9. Membership Changes

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate replacements: 4 Democrats: no net change National Republicans: no net change deaths: 4 resignations: 4 interim appointments: 1 Total seats with changes: 7

House of Representatives replacements: 5 Democrats: 1 seat net loss National Republicans: 1 seat net gain deaths: 2 resignations: 10 contested election: 2 Total seats with changes: 15

Senate

State	Outgoing Senator	Reason for Change	Successor	Successor's selection
Delaware class 1	Louis McLane Democratic	Resignation Senator Louis McLane resigned April 16, 1829.	Arnold Naudain Republican	elected January 7, 1830
Georgia class 3	John Macpherson Berrien Democratic	Resignation Senator John Macpherson Berrien resigned March 9, 1829.	John Forsyth Democratic	elected November 9, 1829
Illinois class 2	John McLean Democratic	Death Senator John McLean died October 14, 1830.	David J. Baker Democratic	appointed November 12, 1830
Illinois class 2	David J. Baker Democratic	Interim appointment John M. Robinson was elected to fill seat of Senator John McLean.	John M. Robinson Democratic	elected December 11, 1830
Indiana class 1	James Noble Republican	Death Senator James Noble died February 26, 1831.	vacant	not filled in this Congress
Mississippi class 2	Thomas B. Reed Democratic	Death Senator Thomas B. Reed died January 24 1826.	Robert H. Adams Democratic	elected January 6, 1830
Mississippi class 2	Robert H. Adams Democratic	Death Senator Robert H. Adams died July 2, 1830.	George Poindexter Democratic	appointed October 15, 1830 subsequently elected.
North Carolina class 2	John Branch Democratic	Resignation Senator John Branch resigned March 9, 1829.	Bedford Brown Democratic	elected December 9, 1829
Tennessee class 1	John H. Eaton Democratic	Resignation Senator John H. Eaton resigned March 9, 1829.	Felix Grundy Democratic	elected October 19, 1829

House of Representatives

State	Outgoing Representative	Reason for Change	Successor	Successor's selection
Georgia 3rd at large	vacant	Vacancy Vacancy from preceding Congress	Henry G. Lamar Democratic	seated December 7, 1829
Maine 4th	vacant	Vacancy Vacancy from preceding Congress	George Evans Republican	seated December 7, 1829
Maine 5th	James W. Ripley Democratic	Resignation Representative James W. Ripley resigned March 12, 1830.	Cornelius Holland Democratic	seated December 6, 1830.
New York 6th	Hector Craig Democratic	Resignation Representative Hector Craig resigned July 12, 1830.	Samuel W. Eager Republican	seated December 6, 1830
New York 20th	George Fisher Democratic	Contested election Representative George Fisher served until February 5, 1830.	Silas Wright, Jr. Republican	never seated
New York 20th	Silas Wright, Jr. Republican	Resignation Representative Silas Wright, Jr. resigned March 9, 1830.	Jonah Sanford Democratic	seated December 6, 1830.
New York 21st	Robert Monell Democratic	Resignation Representative Robert Monell resigned February 21, 1830.	vacant	not filled in this Congress
North Carolina 5th	Gabriel Holmes Democratic	Death Representative Gabriel Holmes died September 26, 1829, before Congress assembled.	Edward B. Dudley Democratic	seated December 14, 1829
Ohio 11th	John M. Goodenow Democratic	Resignation Representative John M. Goodenow resigned April 9, 1830, before Congress assembled.	Humphrey H. Leavitt Democratic	seated December 6, 1830.
Pennsylvania 8th first seat	Samuel D. Ingham Democratic	Resignation Representative Samuel D. Ingham resigned before Congress assembled.	Peter Ihrie, Jr. Democratic	seated December 7, 1829
Pennsylvania 8th second seat	George Wolf Democratic	Resignation Representative George Wolf resigned before Congress assembled.	Samuel A. Smith Democratic	seated December 7, 1829
Pennsylvania 16th	William Wilkins Democratic	Resignation Representative William Wilkins resigned before Congress assembled.	Harmar Denny Anti-Masonic	seated December 30, 1829
Virginia 1st	Thomas Newton, Jr. Republican	Contested election Representative Thomas Newton, Jr. served until March 9, 1830.	George Loyall Democratic	seated March 9, 1830
Virginia 10th	William C. Rives Democratic	Resignation Representative William C. Rives resigned in 1829.	William F. Gordon Democratic	seated January 25, 1830
Virginia 11th	Philip P. Barbour Democratic	Resignation Representative Philip P. Barbour resigned October 15, 1830.	John M. Patton Democratic	seated December 6, 1830.
Virginia 22nd	Alexander Smyth Democratic	Death Representative Alexander Smyth died April 17. 1830.	Joseph Draper Democratic	seated December 6, 1830.

10. Officers

Senate Secretary: Walter Lowrie of Pennsylvania elected December 12, 1825 Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6, 1811 Chaplain The Rev. William Ryland, Methodist, elected December 8, 1826 The Rev. Henry V. Johns, Episcopalian, elected December 14, 1829 Other Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch, appointed January 8, 1818, office abolished June 25, 1829

House of Representatives Clerk: Matthew S. Clarke of Pennsylvania, elected December 7, 1829 Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn of District of Columbia, elected December 7, 1829 Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch of Maryland, elected December 7, 1829 Chaplain: The Rev. Reuben Post, Presbyterian, elected December 7, 1829 The Rev. Ralph R. Gurley, Presbyterian, elected December 6, 1830

12. References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

13. External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists